Gross Preston W, Chipman Danielle E, Doyle Shevaun M
Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2023 Feb 1;35(1):118-123. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001194. Epub 2022 Nov 7.
The purpose of this review is to outline the most recent understanding of torticollis in the pediatric population.
It is important to diagnose the underlying condition of torticollis early in childhood, as some conditions that cause torticollis may result in major developmental delays in early motor milestones. Recent studies have highlighted that many of the rarer causes of torticollis are often misdiagnosed as congenital muscular torticollis, suggesting that physicians should pay close attention to the results of clinical and radiographic examinations when patients present with torticollis.
Congenital muscular torticollis is the most common cause of torticollis. Other, less common causes of torticollis include vertebral abnormalities, ocular torticollis, gastrointestinal disorders, soft tissue infections of the neck, posterior fossa tumors, and benign paroxysmal torticollis. Although rare, these differential diagnoses should be considered during a clinical work-up for a patient who presents with torticollis.
本综述旨在概述对小儿斜颈的最新认识。
在儿童早期尽早诊断斜颈的潜在病因很重要，因为一些导致斜颈的病症可能会导致早期运动里程碑出现重大发育迟缓。最近的研究强调，许多较罕见的斜颈病因常被误诊为先天性肌性斜颈，这表明当患者出现斜颈时，医生应密切关注临床和影像学检查结果。
先天性肌性斜颈是斜颈最常见的病因。其他较不常见的斜颈病因包括椎体异常、眼性斜颈、胃肠道疾病、颈部软组织感染、后颅窝肿瘤和良性阵发性斜颈。虽然罕见，但在对斜颈患者进行临床检查时应考虑这些鉴别诊断。
