Mincer Jacqueline, Materniak Stefanie, Dimitrova Kristina, Wood Heidi, Iranpour Mahmood, Dibernardo Antonia, Loomer Courtney, Drebot Michael A, Lindsay L Robbin, Webster Duncan
Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
Horizon Health Network, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can. 2021 Sep 30;6(3):213-220. doi: 10.3138/jammi-2021-0009. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) and snowshoe hare virus (SSHV) are wide-ranging mosquito-borne arboviruses in the California serogroup viruses (CSGV) that are known to circulate in New Brunswick. Despite potential for debilitating central nervous system manifestations, the prevalence of human exposure to these viruses in New Brunswick is unknown. The goal of this study was to quantify rates of human exposure in New Brunswick to these neglected arboviruses.
A retrospective, anonymized provincial serosurvey was performed using a stratified random sample of residual sera submitted between May 2015 and August 2016. To determine the seroprevalence of JCV and SSHV, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-positive samples were confirmed positive using plaque-reduction neutralization testing (PRNT).
A total of 452 serum samples were screened. The seroprevalence of antibodies against CSGV was estimated to be 31.6% (95% CI 27.4% to 36.1%) with 143 positive samples. PRNT results indicated that most single virus exposures were due to JCV (38 of 143; 26.6%) rather than SSHV (3 of 143; 2.1%). The species of CSGV, to which the remaining 102 seropositive people were exposed, could not be precisely determined.
The prevalence of human exposure to CSGV is high but comparable to rates observed in other Atlantic Canadian jurisdictions. Studies such as this provide important baseline epidemiological data regarding the risk of exposure to these neglected arboviruses. SSHV and JCV should be considered in the differential diagnosis for undiagnosed febrile and neuroinvasive illness during mosquito season, particularly when testing for common aetiologies is negative or inconclusive.
詹姆斯敦峡谷病毒（JCV）和雪兔病毒（SSHV）是加利福尼亚血清群病毒（CSGV）中广泛传播的蚊媒虫媒病毒，已知在新不伦瑞克省传播。尽管这些病毒有可能导致使人衰弱的中枢神经系统表现，但新不伦瑞克省人类接触这些病毒的流行情况尚不清楚。本研究的目的是量化新不伦瑞克省人类接触这些被忽视的虫媒病毒的比率。
采用回顾性、匿名的省级血清学调查，使用2015年5月至2016年8月间提交的残留血清分层随机样本。为确定JCV和SSHV的血清阳性率，使用蚀斑减少中和试验（PRNT）对竞争酶联免疫吸附试验阳性样本进行确认。
共筛查了452份血清样本。抗CSGV抗体的血清阳性率估计为31.6%（95%可信区间27.4%至36.1%），有143份阳性样本。PRNT结果表明，大多数单一病毒暴露是由JCV（143份中的38份；26.6%）而非SSHV（143份中的3份；2.1%）引起的。其余102名血清阳性者接触的CSGV种类无法精确确定。
人类接触CSGV的流行率很高，但与加拿大其他大西洋省份辖区观察到的比率相当。此类研究提供了有关接触这些被忽视的虫媒病毒风险的重要基线流行病学数据。在蚊虫季节，对于未确诊的发热和神经侵袭性疾病进行鉴别诊断时，应考虑SSHV和JCV，尤其是在常见病因检测为阴性或不确定时。
