Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WIUSA.
J Med Entomol. 2023 Nov 14;60(6):1252-1261. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjad128.
Snowshoe hare virus (SSHV), within the California serogroup of the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae, was first isolated from a snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) in Montana, United States, in 1959. The virus, closely related to LaCrosse virus (LACV) and Chatanga virus (CHATV), occurs across Canada and the northern latitudes of the United States, primarily in the northern tier of states bordering Canada. Reports of SSHV in northern Europe and Asia are probably the closely related to CHATV, or the less closely related Tahyna virus. Vertebrate associations include snowshoe hares and ground squirrels, demonstrated by field isolation of virus from wild-caught animals, seroconversion of snowshoe hares, seroconversion of sentinel rabbits, isolation of virus from sentinel rabbits, and experimental infections demonstrating viremia. Isolations of virus from field populations of mosquitoes include primarily univoltine and boreal mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, Culiseta impatiens and Culiseta inornata; and, rarely, certain multivoltine floodwater Aedes species. Experimental transmission studies in mosquitoes show infection in and transmission by boreal Aedes and Culiseta inornata. Isolation of SSHV from larval Aedes on three occasions, and experimentation in Culiseta inornata, reveal transovarial transmission of the virus in mosquitoes. Serosurveys reveal exposure to SSHV in human and domestic animals, with rates of seropositivity commonly high in some settings in Alaska and Canada, but disease in humans or horses has rarely been reported, only in Canada.
雪鞋野兔病毒（SSHV）属于正布尼亚病毒科加州血清群，是 1959 年在美国蒙大拿州从雪鞋野兔（Lepus americanus）中首次分离得到的。该病毒与拉科罗病毒（LACV）和恰塔加病毒（CHATV）密切相关，分布于加拿大和美国北部地区，主要在与加拿大接壤的北部各州。北欧和亚洲有关 SSHV 的报道可能与 CHATV 或与 CHATV 关系较近的塔希纳病毒有关。脊椎动物的关联包括雪鞋野兔和地松鼠，这可通过从野生捕获的动物中分离病毒、雪鞋野兔的血清转换、哨兵兔的血清转换、从哨兵兔中分离病毒以及证明病毒血症的实验感染来证明。从野外蚊虫种群中分离出的病毒主要包括蚊属的单代和北方蚊虫，如梭蚊和 Culiseta inornata；以及极少数多代洪水蚊种。蚊虫中的实验传播研究表明，北方蚊属和 Culiseta inornata 感染并传播了病毒。三次从幼虫 Aedes 中分离到 SSHV，并在 Culiseta inornata 中进行实验，揭示了病毒在蚊子中的经卵传递。血清学调查显示人类和家畜接触 SSHV，在阿拉斯加和加拿大的某些环境中，血清阳性率通常很高，但人类或马的疾病很少有报道，仅在加拿大有报道。
