Yang Xue, Zhang Tiejun, Lei Chang-Wei, Wang Qin, Huang Zheren, Chen Xuan, Wang Hong-Ning
Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Oct 20;13:1018901. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1018901. eCollection 2022.
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as a novel type of environmental pollutant pose a health risk to humans. Oxazolidinones are one of the most important antibiotics for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections in humans. Although oxazolidinones are not utilized in the livestock industry, florfenicol is commonly used on farms to treat bacterial infections, which may contribute to the spread of the , , and genes on farms. Using metagenomics sequencing, we looked into the antibiotic resistome context of florfenicol and oxazolidinone in 10 large-scale commercial farms in China. We identified 490 different resistance genes and 1,515 bacterial genera in the fecal samples obtained from 10 farms. Florfenicol-resistant , , and were widely present in these samples. The situation of florfenicol and oxazolidone resistance in pig farms is even more severe. The total number of genes and the abundance of drug resistance genes were higher in pigs than in chickens, including and . All the samples we collected had a high abundance of and . Through nanopore metagenomic analysis of the genetic environment, we found that plasmids, integrative and conjugative element (ICE), and transposons (Tn-like and Tn) may play an important role in the spread of , , and . Our findings suggest that florfenicol and oxazolidinone resistance genes have diverse genetic environments and are at risk of co-transmission with, for example, tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance genes. The spread of florfenicol- and oxazolidinone-resistant bacteria on animal farms should be continuously monitored.
抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）作为一种新型环境污染物，对人类健康构成风险。恶唑烷酮类是治疗人类革兰氏阳性菌感染最重要的抗生素之一。尽管恶唑烷酮类不在畜牧业中使用，但氟苯尼考常用于养殖场治疗细菌感染，这可能导致养殖场中某些基因的传播。利用宏基因组测序技术，我们研究了中国10个大型商业化养殖场中氟苯尼考和恶唑烷酮的抗生素抗性组情况。我们在从10个养殖场采集的粪便样本中鉴定出490种不同的抗性基因和1515个细菌属。耐氟苯尼考的某些基因在这些样本中广泛存在。养猪场中氟苯尼考和恶唑烷酮的耐药情况更为严重。猪体内的基因总数和耐药基因丰度高于鸡，包括某些特定基因。我们采集的所有样本中某些特定基因的丰度都很高。通过对遗传环境的纳米孔宏基因组分析，我们发现质粒、整合性接合元件（ICE）和转座子（Tn样和Tn）可能在某些基因的传播中起重要作用。我们的研究结果表明，氟苯尼考和恶唑烷酮抗性基因具有多样的遗传环境，并且有与四环素和氨基糖苷类抗性基因等共同传播的风险。应持续监测动物养殖场中耐氟苯尼考和恶唑烷酮细菌的传播情况。
