Verma Sachin Kumar, Singh Chandan Kumar, Taunk Jyoti, Chandra Joshi Dinesh, Kalia Sanjay, Dey Nrisingha, Singh Amit Kumar
ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India.
Department of Biotechnology, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
Front Genet. 2022 Oct 21;13:960200. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.960200. eCollection 2022.
The genus comprises fast-growing, diploid legumes, cultivated in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. It comprises more than 200 species among which , , , , , , and are of enormous agronomic importance. Human selection along with natural variability within these species encompasses a vital source for developing new varieties. The present review convokes the early domestication history of species based on archeological pieces of evidence and domestication-related traits (DRTs) together with genetics of domestication. Traces of early domestication of have been evidenced to spread across several temperate and tropical regions of Africa, Eastern Asia, and few parts of Europe. Several DRTs of species, such as pod shattering, pod and seed size, dormancy, seed coat, seed color, maturity, and pod dehiscence, can clearly differentiate wild species from their domesticates. With the advancement in next-generation high-throughput sequencing techniques, exploration of genetic variability using recently released reference genomes along with sequencing of species have provided a framework to perform genome-wide association and functional studies to figure out different genes related to DRTs. In this review, genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to DRTs of different species have also been summarized. Information provided in this review will enhance the in-depth understanding of the selective pressures that causes crop domestication along with nature of evolutionary selection made in unexplored species. Furthermore, correlated archeological and domestication-related genetic evidence will facilitate species to be considered as suitable model plants.
该属包含快速生长的二倍体豆科植物，种植于世界热带和亚热带地区。它包括200多个物种，其中，[此处原文中列举的物种名称缺失]在农业上具有极其重要的意义。这些物种内的自然变异以及人类选择是培育新品种的重要来源。本综述基于考古证据、驯化相关性状（DRTs）以及驯化遗传学，探讨了[此处原文中物种名称缺失]物种的早期驯化历史。[此处原文中物种名称缺失]早期驯化的痕迹已被证明分布在非洲、东亚的几个温带和热带地区以及欧洲的少数地区。[此处原文中物种名称缺失]物种的几个DRTs，如豆荚破碎、豆荚和种子大小、休眠、种皮、种子颜色、成熟度和豆荚开裂，可以清楚地区分野生种和驯化种。随着下一代高通量测序技术的进步，利用最近发布的参考基因组探索遗传变异以及对[此处原文中物种名称缺失]物种进行测序，为进行全基因组关联和功能研究以找出与DRTs相关的不同基因提供了一个框架。在本综述中，还总结了与不同[此处原文中物种名称缺失]物种的DRTs相关的基因和数量性状位点（QTLs）。本综述提供的信息将加深对导致作物驯化的选择压力以及未探索的[此处原文中物种名称缺失]物种进化选择性质的深入理解。此外，相关的考古和驯化相关遗传证据将有助于[此处原文中物种名称缺失]物种被视为合适的模式植物。
