College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
African Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria.
Front Public Health. 2022 Oct 19;10:858512. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.858512. eCollection 2022.
Oil is the mainstay revenue for a number of African countries. However, extraction can result in multiple impacts on the health and wellbeing of communities living in oil-rich areas. This review explored evidence of oil industry-related social exclusion on community health and wellbeing on the African continent.
We used a systematic approach guided by PRISMA to search six databases for empirical and descriptive sources focused on oil industry impacts, in any African country, between 1960 to 2021. Findings were grouped according to four dimensions of the Social Exclusion Knowledge Network (SEKN) framework: political, social, economic, and cultural.
Fifteen articles were identified, of which 13 articles focused on Nigeria; while one focused on Sudan, and one on Côte d'Ivoire and South Africa. Evidence relating to political aspects of social exclusion encompassed marginalization of indigenous communities through land grabs and unequal representation in political decision making. Limited compensation for environmental damage and livelihood displacement caused by oil-extraction, and high rates of unemployment and poverty were key themes of the economic dimension. Evidence of social impacts included lack of government, or oil-industry investment in social infrastructure; poor health and wellbeing linked to land, air, and water pollution; homelessness and lack of social cohesion. The cultural dimension of social exclusion was comparatively underexplored and only six sources included data collection with indigenous residents, and comparatively more sources were written by non-citizens or non-residents of oil-industry affected areas. Major themes included impacts on collective identity, ways of life and values, particularly where loss of ownership or access to land was experienced.
Oil industry activities in African countries are clearly associated with multiple exclusionary impacts. However, the narrow body of empirical research limits understanding of the lived experiences and management of social exclusion by residents of oil-rich areas themselves and is an area deserving of further attention.
石油是许多非洲国家的主要收入来源。然而，石油开采可能对生活在石油资源丰富地区的社区的健康和福利产生多种影响。本综述探讨了石油工业相关的社会排斥对非洲大陆社区健康和福利的影响的证据。
我们使用 PRISMA 指导的系统方法，在六个数据库中搜索了实证和描述性来源，重点关注 1960 年至 2021 年期间在任何非洲国家与石油工业影响相关的研究。研究结果根据社会排斥知识网络（SEKN）框架的四个维度进行分组：政治、社会、经济和文化。
确定了十五篇文章，其中十三篇文章重点关注尼日利亚；一篇关注苏丹，一篇关注科特迪瓦和南非。与社会排斥的政治方面相关的证据包括通过土地掠夺和在政治决策中不平等代表使土著社区边缘化。石油开采造成的环境破坏和生计流离失所的补偿有限，以及高失业率和贫困是经济层面的主要主题。社会影响的证据包括政府或石油行业对社会基础设施的投资不足；与土地、空气和水污染有关的健康和福利状况不佳；无家可归和缺乏社会凝聚力。社会排斥的文化层面相对较少被探讨，只有六篇来源包括对土著居民的数据收集，而且更多的来源是由非公民或非石油工业受影响地区的居民撰写的。主要主题包括对集体认同、生活方式和价值观的影响，特别是在经历所有权丧失或失去土地的情况下。
非洲国家的石油工业活动显然与多种排斥性影响有关。然而，实证研究的范围有限，限制了对石油资源丰富地区居民自身的社会排斥的生活体验和管理的理解，这是一个值得进一步关注的领域。
