Department of Occupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
Centre for Studies on Healthy Aging, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2024 Apr;19(3):982-993. doi: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2138995. Epub 2022 Nov 8.
The present study aimed to understand how informal caregivers and occupational therapists support daily time management (DTM) of older persons with dementia (PwD) and their views regarding assistive products for DTM, i.e., time management products (TMPs).
The study involved a qualitative descriptive approach rooted in principles of naturalistic inquiry. Twelve caregivers of PwD and eight occupational therapists were interviewed. Conventional content analysis was performed.
Findings are described in three categories. The first category "current strategies to support DTM" described the low-tech strategies used for specific cognitive functions. The second category "factors influencing DTM and TMP" entailed factors related to the PwD (especially premorbid time management), the caregiver (multiple caregivers, attitude towards technology), the occupational therapist (impairment-oriented practice, limited resources and training in DTM) and the context (attitude towards time, poor awareness and knowledge of dementia, an expectation of recovery, negative societal attitudes towards devices, affordability/access). The third category "expectations from TMP" described the participants' expectations regarding device-related features (low-cost, easy to use, portable, low maintenance, customisable and useable across the disease continuum) and support for device use (maintenance, caregiver education).
The study provides contextually relevant recommendations and strategies to inform the provision, acceptance and adherence to DTM interventions and guide the development and prescription of indigenous TMP for PwD in India. Implications for rehabilitationAdoption of time management products (TMPs) for people with dementia in India requires an understanding of contextual factors, especially culturally influenced attitudes of persons with dementia and their family members towards time, assistive products and elders.Contextually relevant approaches and strategies are suggested to guide the provision of daily time management (DTM) interventions including TMPs for people with dementia and their families in India.It is imperative to assess the relevance, acceptance and feasibility of available TMPs for people with dementia and their families living in India and develop contextually relevant indigenous products.Occupational therapists working with people with dementia and their families would benefit from more opportunities for training and access to resources (including contextually relevant standardized assessments) to implement DTM interventions.
本研究旨在了解非专业照料者和职业治疗师如何支持痴呆老年人（PwD）的日常时间管理（DTM），以及他们对用于 DTM 的辅助产品（即时间管理产品（TMP））的看法。
该研究采用扎根于自然主义探究原则的定性描述方法。对 12 名 PwD 的照料者和 8 名职业治疗师进行了访谈。采用常规内容分析法进行分析。
研究结果描述为三个类别。第一类“支持 DTM 的当前策略”描述了用于特定认知功能的低技术策略。第二类“影响 DTM 和 TMP 的因素”包括与 PwD 相关的因素（特别是发病前的时间管理）、照料者（多个照料者、对技术的态度）、职业治疗师（以损伤为导向的实践、资源有限以及 DTM 方面的培训）以及环境（对时间的态度、对痴呆症的认识和了解不足、对康复的期望、对设备的负面社会态度、可负担性/可获得性）。第三类“对 TMP 的期望”描述了参与者对与设备相关的功能（低成本、易于使用、便携、低维护、可定制和可在整个疾病过程中使用）以及设备使用支持（维护、照料者教育）的期望。
本研究提供了与情境相关的建议和策略，以告知 DTM 干预措施的提供、接受和依从性，并指导印度本土 TMP 的开发和处方。对康复的启示在印度，为痴呆症患者采用时间管理产品（TMP）需要了解情境因素，特别是痴呆症患者及其家庭成员对时间、辅助产品和老年人的文化影响态度。本研究提出了与情境相关的方法和策略，以指导为印度的痴呆症患者及其家庭提供日常时间管理（DTM）干预措施，包括 TMP。评估适用于印度痴呆症患者及其家庭的现有 TMP 的相关性、可接受性和可行性，并开发与情境相关的本土产品至关重要。与痴呆症患者及其家庭一起工作的职业治疗师将受益于更多的培训机会和获得资源（包括与情境相关的标准化评估）的机会，以实施 DTM 干预措施。
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