Department of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, UMR 6290, CNRS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2022;70:397-415. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_14.
Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and posttranslational modifications of core histones, are the key regulators of gene expression. In the mouse, many of these marks are erased during gamete formation and must be introduced de novo after fertilization. Some of them appear synchronously, but the others are deposited asynchronously and/or remain differently distributed on maternal and paternal chromatin. Although the mechanisms regulating these processes are not entirely understandable, it is commonly accepted that epigenetic reprogramming occurring during the first cell cycle of a mouse embryo is crucial for its further development. This chapter focuses on selected epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, the introduction of histone variants, histones acetylation, phosphorylation, and methylation. Properly depositing these marks on maternal and paternal chromatin is crucial for normal embryonic development.
表观遗传标记，如 DNA 甲基化和核心组蛋白的翻译后修饰，是基因表达的关键调节剂。在小鼠中，这些标记中的许多在配子形成过程中被抹去，并且必须在受精后从头引入。其中一些标记同步出现，但其他标记异步出现和/或在母源和父源染色质上的分布不同。尽管调节这些过程的机制尚不完全清楚，但人们普遍认为，在小鼠胚胎的第一个细胞周期中发生的表观遗传重编程对于其进一步发育至关重要。本章重点介绍了一些特定的表观遗传修饰，如 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白变体的引入、组蛋白乙酰化、磷酸化和甲基化。在母源和父源染色质上正确沉积这些标记对于正常胚胎发育至关重要。
