Lohiya Ayush, Daniel Roy A, Smith Robert D, Nagar Mukesh, Shankar Abhishek, Lahariya Chandrakant
Kalyan Singh Super Specialty Cancer Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Aug;11(8):4286-4292. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2378_21. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
India has a rising burden of cancer with an estimated 70% of the cancers caused by modifiable and preventable risk factors. This review was conducted to document the status, analyse the situation and propose the way forward for cancer prevention in India. A desk review of the online databases and reports from the government websites was conducted. The ongoing initiatives including cancer registries, medical and health education and training, and community-based programmes were analysed. This review was done from July 2019 to February 2021. Cancers of the breast, cervix, and lip and oral cavity are the three most common malignancies, with distinct regional variations in India and account for 34% of the 1.15 million cancer cases diagnosed annually. The major initiatives were focused initially on cancer treatment and prevention was added nearly a decade ago. Even with those, the scope and coverage of cancer prevention and treatment services has remained in hospitals and urban settings. India needs to build upon the ongoing approach which seems to be focused on "tracking the cancer, teaching the future and helping the masses" by implementing non-vertical primary healthcare cancer prevention and control approach. Cancer prevention should be made an integral part of the health interventions, rapidly extended to primary healthcare services and facilities, linked with specialised treatment facilities, as India aims for universal health coverage. The opportunity provided by the Ayushman Bharat Programme launched in 2018 should be leveraged for rapid expansion and effective coverage of cancer prevention and treatment interventions in India.
印度癌症负担不断加重，估计70%的癌症是由可改变和可预防的风险因素引起的。本次综述旨在记录印度癌症预防的现状、分析形势并提出未来发展方向。我们对在线数据库以及政府网站报告进行了案头审查。对正在进行的各项举措进行了分析，包括癌症登记、医学与健康教育及培训以及社区项目。本次综述于2019年7月至2021年2月进行。乳腺癌、宫颈癌以及唇癌和口腔癌是三种最常见的恶性肿瘤，在印度存在明显的地区差异，占每年确诊的115万例癌症病例的34%。主要举措最初集中在癌症治疗方面，近十年前才增加了预防内容。即便如此，癌症预防和治疗服务的范围及覆盖仍局限于医院和城市地区。印度需要在当前“追踪癌症、培养未来人才、帮助大众”的方法基础上，实施非垂直的初级医疗保健癌症预防与控制方法。癌症预防应成为健康干预的一个组成部分，迅速扩展至初级医疗保健服务和设施，并与专科治疗设施相联系，因为印度的目标是实现全民健康覆盖。应利用2018年启动的阿育吠陀·巴拉特计划所提供的契机，在印度迅速扩大并有效覆盖癌症预防和治疗干预措施。
