VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Oct 27;12(11):932. doi: 10.3390/bios12110932.
Morphine (MORPH) is natural alkaloid and mainly used as a pain reliever. Its monitoring in human body fluids is crucial for modern medicine. In this paper, we have developed an electrochemical sensor for submicromolar detection of MORPH. The sensor is based on modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) by investigating the FeWO ratio in iron tungstate (FeWO), as well as the ratio of this material in CPE. For the first time, the effect of the iron-tungsten ratio in terms of achieving the best possible electrochemical characteristics for the detection of an important molecule for humans was examined. Morphological and electrochemical characteristics of materials were studied. The best results were obtained using FeW and 7.5% of modifier in CPE. For MORPH detection, square wave voltammetry (SWV) was optimized. Under the optimized conditions, FeW@CPE resulted in limit of detection (LOD) of the method of 0.58 µM and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.94 µM. The linear operating range between 5 and 85 µM of MORPH in the Britton-Robinson buffer solution (BRBS) at pH 8 as supporting electrolyte was obtained. The FeW@CPE sensor resulted in good selectivity and excellent repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) and was applied in real-world samples of human urine. Application for direct MORPH detection, without tedious sample pretreatment procedures, suggests that developed electrochemical sensor has appeared to be a suitable competitor for efficient, precise, and accurate monitoring of the MORPH in biological fluids.
吗啡（MORPH）是一种天然生物碱，主要用作止痛药。其在人体体液中的监测对现代医学至关重要。在本文中，我们开发了一种用于亚毫摩尔检测 MORPH 的电化学传感器。该传感器基于通过研究钨酸铁（FeWO）中的 FeWO 比例以及该材料在碳糊电极（CPE）中的比例来修饰的 CPE。首次研究了铁-钨比例在实现对人体重要分子进行最佳电化学检测特性方面的影响。研究了材料的形态和电化学特性。在 CPE 中使用 FeW 和 7.5%的改性剂获得了最佳结果。对于 MORPH 的检测，优化了方波伏安法（SWV）。在优化条件下，FeW@CPE 方法的检测限（LOD）为 0.58µM，定量限（LOQ）为 1.94µM。在 Britton-Robinson 缓冲溶液（BRBS）中，在 pH8 作为支持电解质的情况下，MORPH 的线性工作范围在 5 至 85µM 之间。FeW@CPE 传感器具有良好的选择性和出色的重复性，相对标准偏差（RSD）低，并应用于人类尿液的实际样本中。无需繁琐的样品预处理程序即可直接进行 MORPH 检测，表明所开发的电化学传感器似乎是一种高效、精确和准确监测生物液中 MORPH 的合适竞争者。
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