Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Oct 31;14(11):745. doi: 10.3390/toxins14110745.
is one of the main species responsible for wine, coffee and cocoa toxin contamination. The main mycotoxin produced by this fungus, ochratoxin A (OTA), is a secondary metabolite categorized as a possible carcinogen because of its significant nephrotoxicity and immunosuppressive effects. A polyketide synthase gene () encodes the first enzyme in the OTA biosynthetic pathway. It is known that the filamentous fungi, growth, development and production of secondary metabolites are interconnected processes governed by global regulatory factors whose encoding genes are generally located outside the gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of each secondary metabolite, such as the gene, which forms part of the VELVET complex. Different fungal strains compete for nutrients and space when they infect their hosts, and safer non-mycotoxigenic strains may be able to outcompete mycotoxigenic strains during colonization. To determine the possible utility of biopesticides based on the competitive exclusion of mycotoxigenic strains by non-toxigenic ones, we used Δ and Δ knockout mutants. Our results showed that during both in vitro growth and infection of grapes, non-mycotoxigenic strains could outcompete the wild-type strain. Additionally, the introduction of the non-mycotoxigenic strain led to a drastic decrease in OTA during both in vitro growth and infection of grapes.
是导致葡萄酒、咖啡和可可毒素污染的主要物种之一。这种真菌产生的主要霉菌毒素是赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA），它是一种次级代谢物，因其显著的肾毒性和免疫抑制作用而被归类为可能的致癌物。聚酮合酶基因（）编码 OTA 生物合成途径中的第一个酶。已知丝状真菌的生长、发育和次生代谢产物的产生是相互关联的过程，受全局调控因子控制，这些编码基因通常位于每个次生代谢产物生物合成基因簇之外，例如基因，它构成了 VELVET 复合物的一部分。不同的真菌菌株在感染宿主时会争夺营养和空间，并且在定植过程中非产毒菌株可能能够胜过产毒菌株。为了确定基于非产毒菌株对产毒菌株的竞争性排除的生物农药的可能用途，我们使用了Δ和Δ敲除突变体。我们的结果表明，在体外生长和感染葡萄的过程中，非产毒菌株可以胜过野生型菌株。此外，在体外生长和感染葡萄的过程中，引入非产毒菌株会导致 OTA 的急剧减少。
