Veras Flávio Fonseca, Dachery Bruna, Manfroi Vitor, Welke Juliane Elisa
Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
J Sci Food Agric. 2021 Apr;101(6):2414-2421. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10865. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
Aspergillus carbonarius has been identified as one of the main fungi that produce ochratoxin A (OTA) in grapes. This nephrotoxic mycotoxin has been legislated against in several countries and is a major concern for viticulture. Knowledge of resistance to, or susceptibility to, colonization by A. carbonarius may be useful in selecting the most promising cultivars for organic agriculture and could help in preventing fungal contamination in vineyards. This study aimed to evaluate the colonization potential and the capacity to produce OTA by A. carbonarius in Vitis vinifera, V. labrusca, and hybrid grapes. The correlation between OTA levels and grape berry characteristics was also analyzed.
The OTA content was only strongly correlated with the thickness and hardness of the grape skins. The correlation between OTA levels and these parameters was negative (grapes with the least thickness and hardness had the highest OTA levels). Vitis vinifera grapes were more susceptible to A. carbonarius than V. labrusca and hybrid grapes at both 25 and 4 °C. Chardonnay (V. vinifera) grapes showed the highest levels of OTA, followed by Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tannat, and Moscato Branco. Italia grapes were the exceptions among V. vinifera cultivars, since they showed similar thickness, hardness, and fungal resistance as the V. labrusca and hybrid grapes.
The highest resistance to A. carbonarius was observed in the following grapes: hybrids (BRS Lorena and BRS Violeta), V. labrusca (Isabel and Bordo), and V. vinifera (Italia). These cultivars can be prioritized in the implementation of organic viticulture. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
黑曲霉已被确认为葡萄中产生赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）的主要真菌之一。这种具有肾毒性的霉菌毒素在多个国家已被立法限制，是葡萄栽培中的一个主要问题。了解葡萄品种对黑曲霉定殖的抗性或敏感性，可能有助于选择最有前景的有机农业品种，并有助于预防葡萄园中的真菌污染。本研究旨在评估黑曲霉在酿酒葡萄、美洲葡萄和杂交葡萄中定殖的潜力以及产生OTA的能力。还分析了OTA水平与葡萄浆果特性之间的相关性。
OTA含量仅与葡萄皮的厚度和硬度密切相关。OTA水平与这些参数之间的相关性为负（厚度和硬度最小的葡萄OTA水平最高）。在25℃和4℃下，酿酒葡萄比美洲葡萄和杂交葡萄更容易受到黑曲霉的感染。霞多丽（酿酒葡萄）葡萄的OTA含量最高，其次是梅洛、赤霞珠、丹娜和白莫斯卡托。意大利葡萄是酿酒葡萄品种中的例外，因为它们的厚度、硬度和抗真菌性与美洲葡萄和杂交葡萄相似。
在以下葡萄品种中观察到对黑曲霉的抗性最强：杂交品种（BRS洛雷娜和BRS紫罗兰）、美洲葡萄（伊莎贝尔和博尔多大红）和酿酒葡萄（意大利葡萄）。在实施有机葡萄栽培时，可以优先考虑这些品种。©2020化学工业协会。
