Hilz Emily N, Lee Hongjoo J
The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Pharmacology, USA.
The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, USA; The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, USA.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2023 Jan;68:101043. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101043. Epub 2022 Nov 7.
Sex steroid hormones like estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) guide the sexual organization and activation of the developing brain and control female reproductive behavior throughout the lifecycle; importantly, these hormones modulate functional activity of not just the endocrine system, but most of the nervous system including the brain reward system. The effects of E2 and P4 can be seen in the processing of and memory for rewarding stimuli and in the development of compulsive reward-seeking behaviors like those seen in substance use disorders. Women are at increased risk of developing substance use disorders; however, the origins of this sex difference are not well understood and therapeutic interventions targeting ovarian hormones have produced conflicting results. This article reviews the contribution of the E2 and P4 in females to functional modulation of the brain reward system, their possible roles in origins of addiction vulnerability, and the development and treatment of compulsive reward-seeking behaviors.
像雌二醇（E2）和孕酮（P4）这样的性类固醇激素指导发育中大脑的性器官形成和激活，并在整个生命周期中控制女性的生殖行为；重要的是，这些激素不仅调节内分泌系统的功能活动，还调节包括大脑奖赏系统在内的大部分神经系统的功能活动。E2和P4的作用可见于对奖赏刺激的处理和记忆，以及强迫性奖赏寻求行为的发展，如物质使用障碍中所见的行为。女性患物质使用障碍的风险增加；然而，这种性别差异的根源尚不清楚，针对卵巢激素的治疗干预产生了相互矛盾的结果。本文综述了E2和P4在女性中对大脑奖赏系统功能调节的贡献、它们在成瘾易感性起源中的可能作用，以及强迫性奖赏寻求行为的发展和治疗。
