School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Jiangsu, China.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2023 Mar;19(3):495-501. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.10.011. Epub 2022 Nov 3.
The COVID-19 vaccination booster can effectively protect the elderly from infection while also lowering the risk of serious illness and death. However, barriers remain in willingness of the elderly to boost vaccination.
Using the protection motivation theory (PMT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), to study the factors that influence willingness of the elderly to get the COVID-19 vaccine booster.
The elderly who visited three randomly selected medical institutions in Nanjing's core urban region between March and April 2022 were chosen as study participants. A face-to-face survey was conducted using purposeful sampling and a self-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire contained sociodemographic characteristics, the elderly's willingness to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine booster, and psychosocial cognitive components based on the PMT and TPB. SmartPLS 3.0 was used to conduct structural equation modeling.
214 participants were included in the analysis. The combined model of the two behavioral theories explained the willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine booster well with R of 0.490. Self-efficacy (β = 0.315) was the strongest predictor of vaccine booster willingness. Subjective norms (β = 0.160), perceived severity (β = 0.157), and perceived vulnerability (β = 0.159) also showed positive effects on vaccine booster willingness, while response cost (β = -0.143) had a negative effect on the willingness. No significant association between attitudes, response efficacy and the willingness was discovered.
The willingness of the elderly to receive the COVID-19 vaccine booster was affected by psychosocial cognitive factors. This study supports the applicability of the PMT and TPB models to interpret the willingness of the elderly in such areas.
COVID-19 疫苗加强针可有效保护老年人免受感染，同时降低患重病和死亡的风险。然而，老年人对接种加强针的意愿仍存在障碍。
运用保护动机理论（PMT）和计划行为理论（TPB），研究影响老年人接种 COVID-19 疫苗加强针意愿的因素。
2022 年 3 月至 4 月，选择南京市核心城区随机选取的 3 家医疗机构的老年人作为研究对象，采用目的抽样和自行设计的问卷进行面对面调查。问卷内容包括人口统计学特征、老年人接种 COVID-19 疫苗加强针的意愿以及基于 PMT 和 TPB 的心理社会认知因素。采用 SmartPLS 3.0 进行结构方程模型分析。
共纳入 214 名参与者。两种行为理论的综合模型对接受 COVID-19 疫苗加强针的意愿解释度较好，R2 为 0.490。自我效能感（β=0.315）是影响疫苗加强针意愿的最强预测因素。主观规范（β=0.160）、感知严重性（β=0.157）和感知脆弱性（β=0.159）对疫苗加强针意愿也有正向影响，而反应成本（β=-0.143）则对意愿有负向影响。态度、反应效能与意愿之间没有显著关联。
老年人接种 COVID-19 疫苗加强针的意愿受到心理社会认知因素的影响。本研究支持 PMT 和 TPB 模型在解释该领域老年人意愿方面的适用性。
