JASCO Applied Sciences Ltd, Victoria, BC, Canada.
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR|CPAESS), under contract to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, FL, USA.
Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 10;12(1):19272. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22069-4.
Cetaceans spend most of their time below the surface of the sea, highlighting the importance of passive acoustic monitoring as a tool to facilitate understanding and mapping their year-round spatial and temporal distributions. To increase our limited knowledge of cetacean acoustic detection patterns for the east and west coasts of Gwaii Haanas, a remote protected area on Haida Gwaii, BC, Canada, acoustic datasets recorded off SG̱ang Gwaay (Sep 2009-May 2011), Gowgaia Slope (Jul 2017-Jul 2019), and Ramsay Island (Aug 2018-Aug 2019) were analyzed. Comparing overlapping periods of visual surveys and acoustic monitoring confirmed presence of 12 cetacean species/species groups within the study region. Seasonal patterns were identified for blue, fin, humpback, grey and sperm whale acoustic signals. Killer whale and delphinid acoustic signals occurred year-round on both coasts of Haida Gwaii and showed strong diel variation. Cuvier's, Baird's, beaked whale and porpoise clicks, were identified in high-frequency recordings on the west coast. Correlations between environmental factors, chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature, and cetacean acoustic occurrence off Gwaii Haanas were also examined. This study is the first to acoustically monitor Gwaii Haanas waters for an extended continuous period and therefore serves as a baseline from which to monitor future changes.
鲸类动物大部分时间都在海面以下度过，这突出了被动声学监测作为一种工具的重要性，它有助于了解和绘制它们全年的时空分布。为了增加我们对加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省海达瓜依的偏远保护区瓜依哈纳斯东、西海岸的鲸类动物声学探测模式的有限了解，对 SG̱ang Gwaay（2009 年 9 月至 2011 年 5 月）、Gowgaia 坡（2017 年 7 月至 2019 年 7 月）和 Ramsay 岛（2018 年 8 月至 2019 年 8 月）记录的声学数据集进行了分析。将重叠的视觉调查和声学监测期进行比较，确认了研究区域内存在 12 种鲸类动物/动物群。确定了蓝、鳍、座头、灰和抹香鲸声学信号的季节性模式。虎鲸和海豚的声学信号在海达瓜依的东西两岸全年都有发生，并表现出强烈的昼夜变化。在西海岸的高频记录中，鉴定出了柯维氏喙鲸、贝氏喙鲸和鼠海豚的咔哒声。还研究了瓜依哈纳斯附近环境因素、叶绿素-a 和海面温度与鲸类动物声学出现之间的相关性。这项研究是首次对瓜依哈纳斯水域进行长时间连续声学监测，因此可以作为监测未来变化的基线。
