Scirè Andrea, Cianfruglia Laura, Minnelli Cristina, Romaldi Brenda, Laudadio Emiliano, Galeazzi Roberta, Antognelli Cinzia, Armeni Tatiana
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Oct 28;11(11):2131. doi: 10.3390/antiox11112131.
Glyoxalase 2 is a mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein belonging to the metallo-β-lactamase family encoded by the hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (HAGH) gene. This enzyme is the second enzyme of the glyoxalase system that is responsible for detoxification of the α-ketothaldehyde methylglyoxal in cells. The two enzymes glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and glyoxalase 2 (Glo2) form the complete glyoxalase pathway, which utilizes glutathione as cofactor in eukaryotic cells. The importance of Glo2 is highlighted by its ubiquitous distribution in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Its function in the system has been well defined, but in recent years, additional roles are emerging, especially those related to oxidative stress. This review focuses on Glo2 by considering its genetics, molecular and structural properties, its involvement in post-translational modifications and its interaction with specific metabolic pathways. The purpose of this review is to focus attention on an enzyme that, from the most recent studies, appears to play a role in multiple regulatory pathways that may be important in certain diseases such as cancer or oxidative stress-related diseases.
乙二醛酶2是一种线粒体和细胞质蛋白，属于由羟酰基谷胱甘肽水解酶（HAGH）基因编码的金属β-内酰胺酶家族。该酶是乙二醛酶系统的第二种酶，负责细胞内α-酮硫醛甲基乙二醛的解毒。乙二醛酶1（Glo1）和乙二醛酶2（Glo2）这两种酶形成完整的乙二醛酶途径，在真核细胞中以谷胱甘肽作为辅助因子。Glo2在原核生物和真核生物中的广泛分布突出了其重要性。它在该系统中的功能已得到明确界定，但近年来，其额外的作用不断涌现，尤其是与氧化应激相关的作用。本综述通过考虑Glo2的遗传学、分子和结构特性、其参与的翻译后修饰以及与特定代谢途径的相互作用来聚焦于Glo2。本综述的目的是关注一种酶，从最近的研究来看，它似乎在多种调节途径中发挥作用，而这些途径可能在某些疾病如癌症或氧化应激相关疾病中具有重要意义。
