Poradowski Dominik, Chrószcz Aleksander
Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Oct 28;12(21):2966. doi: 10.3390/ani12212966.
Studies of equine stomach prenatal development are very rare, and descriptions usually focus on the processes taking place in the embryonic period. Only general information about gastric organogenesis in the fetal period is available in embryology textbooks on domestic mammals. The material for our study included twenty half-breed horse fetuses divided into three age groups on the basis of known fetal age (verified using the CRL method). Our study consists of the topographical, morphological, and morphometrical description of stomach development between the 4th and 11th months of gestation. Even though the skeletotopy, syntopy, and holotopy of the stomach in the fetal period seems to be relatively unchanged, the organ shape and the proportions between its anatomical parts differed in fetuses from the three age groups. The achieved results were statistically elaborated to estimate the dynamics of the stomach shape. This can be described as changing from medium-wide to wide and from slightly bent to sharply bent. A nonlinear correlation of all metric values with CRL in all age groups was observed. A positive allometric growth rate of different intensity was seen in all metric parameters. All the values increased as the fetal period progressed. Only the parietal surface growth rate gradually changed from strongly positive allometric in the first age group to strongly negative allometric in the third age group. A difference between the non-glandular and glandular mucosa of the stomach was visible in the first group. Development of a well-distinguishable plicated edge margin began in the second age group together with gastric pits and gastric areas. The third age group showed a well-developed gastric groove and angular incisura.
关于马胃产前发育的研究非常罕见，描述通常集中在胚胎期发生的过程。在家养哺乳动物的胚胎学教科书中，只有关于胎儿期胃器官发生的一般信息。我们研究的材料包括20个杂种马胎儿，根据已知的胎儿年龄（使用CRL方法验证）分为三个年龄组。我们的研究包括对妊娠第4至11个月期间胃发育的地形学、形态学和形态计量学描述。尽管胎儿期胃的骨骼定位、毗邻关系和整体定位似乎相对不变，但三个年龄组胎儿的器官形状及其解剖部位之间的比例有所不同。对所取得的结果进行了统计学分析，以估计胃形状的动态变化。这可以描述为从中等宽度变为宽阔，从轻微弯曲变为急剧弯曲。在所有年龄组中，观察到所有测量值与CRL之间存在非线性相关性。在所有测量参数中都观察到不同强度的正异速生长率。随着胎儿期的进展，所有值都增加。只有壁面生长率在第一年龄组从强正异速逐渐变为第三年龄组的强负异速。在第一组中可以看到胃的非腺性和腺性黏膜之间的差异。在第二年龄组中，开始出现明显可辨的褶皱边缘，同时出现胃小凹和胃区。第三年龄组显示出发育良好的胃沟和角切迹。
