Yu Chao, Zheng Huihua, Liu Xiangyu, Xie Guanghong
College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Nov 6;12(21):3050. doi: 10.3390/ani12213050.
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are one of the most common tumors in female dogs, and they are associated with a poor prognosis owing to their high rate of recurrence and metastasis rates, which make their diagnosis especially important in clinical veterinary medicine. In this study, the characteristics of tumors were observed in dogs suffering from CMTs, and clinical diagnosis and histopathology were used to identify tumors. Furthermore, the expression levels of tumor markers for CMTs were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Upon clinical examination, dogs with CMTs displayed a distinct and irregular mass in the mammary gland, and X-ray (Latero-lateral and ventro-dorsal views) and ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed a moderately echogenic mass at the mammary gland with slightly stronger density than the surrounding tissue. A total of 30 tumors were identified by histopathology, 11 benign and 19 malignant. Changes in some indicators in dogs suffering from CMTs and healthy dogs suggested that there were multiple direct or paraneoplastic changes associated with tumors that could be detected/suspected by hematological examination, and ELISA revealed the HER-2 serum concentrations were significantly different between healthy animals and those with malignant tumors. qPCR indicated that tumor markers N-cadherin, Vimentin, HER-2, CEA, CA15-3 and SF were higher in dogs with malignant tumors than healthy dogs, with a low level of E-cadherin in malignant tumors. This study verified that serological tests and molecular biological tests were essential to the early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of dogs with tumors.
犬乳腺肿瘤（CMTs）是雌性犬最常见的肿瘤之一，由于其高复发率和转移率，预后较差，这使得其诊断在临床兽医学中尤为重要。在本研究中，观察了患有CMTs的犬的肿瘤特征，并采用临床诊断和组织病理学方法对肿瘤进行鉴定。此外，通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）分析了CMTs肿瘤标志物的表达水平。临床检查时，患有CMTs的犬在乳腺处表现出明显且不规则的肿块，腹部X线检查（侧位和腹背位）及超声检查显示乳腺处有中等回声肿块，密度略高于周围组织。通过组织病理学共鉴定出30个肿瘤，其中11个为良性，19个为恶性。患有CMTs的犬和健康犬的一些指标变化表明，存在与肿瘤相关的多种直接或副肿瘤性变化，可通过血液学检查检测/怀疑到，ELISA显示健康动物与患有恶性肿瘤的动物之间HER-2血清浓度存在显著差异。qPCR表明，恶性肿瘤犬的肿瘤标志物N-钙黏蛋白、波形蛋白、HER-2、癌胚抗原、CA15-3和铁蛋白水平高于健康犬，恶性肿瘤中E-钙黏蛋白水平较低。本研究证实，血清学检测和分子生物学检测对犬肿瘤的早期诊断、治疗和预后至关重要。
