David Elena, Kopac Janez
National Research Institute of Cryogenics & Isotopic Technologies, Street Uzinei No. 4, P.O. Râureni, P.O. Box 7, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Oct 31;12(21):3841. doi: 10.3390/nano12213841.
Nanocomposites based on 13X zeolite (13XZ), calcium oxide (CaO) and metal zinc particles (Zn) were prepared. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized by different techniques. Then, a comparative study on catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis of biomass waste was performed to establish the influence of nanocomposites used as catalysts on the yields and characteristics of liquid and solid products. Residual rapeseed biomass (RRB) was employed for pyrolysis experiments and a fixed bed reactor was used. By introducing CaO and metal zinc particles into 13X zeolite mass, the surface area (S) of nanocomposites was reduced, and this decrease is due to the introduction of nano-calcium carbonate and nano-zinc particles, which occupied an important space into zeolite structure. By adding CaO to 13XZ, the pore structure was changed and there was a decrease in the micropores volume. The analysis of the pore area distribution showed a hierarchical pore structure for nanocomposites. The elements composition showed that the main elements contained in nanocomposites are Si, Al, Ca and Zn, confirming the preservation of the zeolite structure. Using these nanocomposites as catalysts in pyrolysis process, the residual biomass could be valorized, producing bio-oil and biochar for the management and sustainability of this low-value waste.
制备了基于13X沸石（13XZ）、氧化钙（CaO）和金属锌颗粒（Zn）的纳米复合材料。通过不同技术对所得纳米复合材料进行了表征。然后，对生物质废弃物的催化热解和非催化热解进行了对比研究，以确定用作催化剂的纳米复合材料对液体和固体产物的产率及特性的影响。采用剩余油菜生物质（RRB）进行热解实验，并使用了固定床反应器。通过将CaO和金属锌颗粒引入13X沸石体系中，纳米复合材料的表面积（S）减小，这种减小是由于纳米碳酸钙和纳米锌颗粒的引入，它们占据了沸石结构中的重要空间。通过向13XZ中添加CaO，孔结构发生了变化，微孔体积减小。孔面积分布分析表明纳米复合材料具有分级孔结构。元素组成表明纳米复合材料中所含的主要元素为Si、Al、Ca和Zn，证实了沸石结构得以保留。在热解过程中使用这些纳米复合材料作为催化剂，可以使剩余生物质增值，生产生物油和生物炭，以实现这种低价值废弃物的管理和可持续利用。
