Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba 305-8686, Ibaraki, Japan.
Nosho Navi, Inc., 339-3, Satsuma-cho, Hikone-shi 521-1147, Shiga, Japan.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Nov 2;22(21):8418. doi: 10.3390/s22218418.
Rational water and fertilizer management approaches and technologies could improve water use efficiency and fertilizer use efficiency in paddy rice cultivation. A promising water-conserving technology for paddy rice farming is the alternate wetting and drying irrigation system, established by the International Rice Research Institute. However, the strategy has still not been widely adopted, because water level measurement is challenging work and sometimes leads to a decrease in the rice yield. For the easy implementation of alternate wetting and drying among farmers, we analyzed a dataset obtained from a farmer's water management study carried out over a three-year period with three cropping seasons at six locations ( = 82) in An Giang Province, Southern Vietnam. We observed a significant relationship between specific water level management and the rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions during different growth periods. The average water level during the crop period was an important factor in increasing the rice yield and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The average water level at 2 days after nitrogen fertilization also showed a potential to increase the rice yield. The greenhouse gas emissions were reduced when the number of days of non-flooded soil use was increased by 1 day during the crop period. The results offer insights demonstrating that farmers' implementation of multiple drainage during whole crop period and nitrogen fertilization period has the potential to contribute to both the rice yield increase and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from rice cultivation.
合理的水、肥管理方法和技术可以提高水稻种植中的水分利用效率和肥料利用效率。一种有前途的节水技术是国际水稻研究所（International Rice Research Institute）开发的水稻干湿交替灌溉系统。然而，由于水位测量具有挑战性，有时会导致水稻产量下降，因此该策略尚未得到广泛应用。为了便于农民实施干湿交替灌溉，我们分析了在越南南部安江省六个地点（=82）进行的为期三年三个种植季的农民水管理研究中获得的数据集。我们观察到在不同生长期间，特定的水位管理与水稻产量和温室气体排放之间存在显著关系。作物期的平均水位是提高水稻产量和减少温室气体排放的重要因素。氮肥后 2 天的平均水位也显示出增加水稻产量的潜力。在作物期增加 1 天非淹水土壤使用天数可以减少温室气体排放。研究结果表明，农民在整个作物期和氮肥期实施多次排水具有提高水稻产量和减少水稻种植温室气体排放的潜力。
