Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
J Med Virol. 2023 Jan;95(1):e28292. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28292. Epub 2022 Nov 23.
During the COVID-19 epidemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) blocked the transmission route of respiratory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the impact of NPIs on the influenza A virus (IAV) outbreak. The present study enrolled all children with respiratory tract infections who came to the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University between January 2019 and July 2022. A direct immunofluorescence assay kit detected IAV. Virus isolation and Sanger sequencing were performed. From June to July 2022, in Hangzhou, China, the positive rate of IAV infection in children has increased rapidly, reaching 30.41%, and children over 3 years old are the main infected population, accounting for 75% of the total number of infected children. Influenza A (H3N2) viruses are representative strains during this period. In this outbreak, H3N2 was isolated from a cluster of its own and is highly homologous with A/South_Dakota/22/2022 (2021-2022 Northern Hemisphere). Between isolated influenza A (H3N2) viruses and A/South_Dakota/22/2022, the nucleotide homology of the HA gene ranged from 97.3% to 97.5%; the amino acid homology was 97%-97.2%, and the genetic distance of nucleotides ranged from 0.05 to 0.052. Compared with A/South_Dakota/22/2022, the isolated H3N2 showed S156H, N159Y, I160T, D186S, S198P, I48T, S53D, and K171N mutations. There was no variation in 13 key amino acid sites associated with neuraminidase inhibitor resistance in NA protein. Long-term NPIs have significantly affected the evolution and transmission of the influenza virus and human immunity, breaking the dynamic balance between the IAV and human immunity.
在 COVID-19 疫情期间，非药物干预 (NPI) 阻断了呼吸道疾病的传播途径。本研究旨在探讨 NPI 对甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 爆发的影响。本研究纳入了 2019 年 1 月至 2022 年 7 月期间来浙江大学儿童医院就诊的所有呼吸道感染患儿。采用直接免疫荧光试剂盒检测 IAV。进行病毒分离和 Sanger 测序。2022 年 6 月至 7 月，在中国杭州，儿童 IAV 感染阳性率迅速上升，达到 30.41%，3 岁以上儿童为主要感染人群，占感染儿童总数的 75%。在此期间，甲型流感 (H3N2) 病毒是代表性毒株。在此次暴发中，从一组自身分离出的 H3N2 与 A/South_Dakota/22/2022（2021-2022 北半球）高度同源。分离的流感 A (H3N2) 病毒与 A/South_Dakota/22/2022 之间，HA 基因的核苷酸同源性范围为 97.3%-97.5%；氨基酸同源性为 97%-97.2%，核苷酸的遗传距离范围为 0.05-0.052。与 A/South_Dakota/22/2022 相比，分离出的 H3N2 具有 S156H、N159Y、I160T、D186S、S198P、I48T、S53D 和 K171N 突变。NA 蛋白中与神经氨酸酶抑制剂耐药相关的 13 个关键氨基酸位点没有变异。长期的 NPI 对流感病毒的进化和传播以及人类免疫力产生了显著影响，打破了 IAV 与人类免疫力之间的动态平衡。
