Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022 Dec 1;241:109685. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109685. Epub 2022 Nov 2.
The continued use of flavors in tobacco products has been a prominent factor in their popularity, yet little is known regarding their role in nicotine dependence. This study aimed to investigate the impact of tobacco flavoring on oral nicotine consumption in mice using the two-bottle choice (2BC) test and assessed the potential impact of age and sex in their interactions.
Adolescent and adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were used. First, voluntary consumption of tobacco flavor concentrate from a commercial electronic cigarette liquid vendor (Avail Vapor LLC) was measured; then, the effects of tobacco flavoring in combination with nicotine were examined. In one approach, tobacco flavor concentration was kept constant while nicotine concentration varied, and in the second, nicotine was kept constant while the tobacco flavor concentration varied.
Overall, tobacco flavoring decreased oral nicotine consumption in mice, and its effects were sex- and age-dependent. Although females consumed the tobacco-flavored solution at a slightly higher rate than males, male mice were more sensitive to the effects of the combination (nicotine + tobacco). Furthermore, adolescent mice showed a starker reduction in nicotine consumption in the presence of tobacco flavoring compared to adult mice. This attenuation was most likely due to a basal aversion to the tobacco flavoring itself, thus, creating a negative synergistic effect with nicotine.
Tobacco flavoring increases aversion to nicotine in the 2BC test in C57BL6J mice, suggesting that some flavors may diminish rather than enhance oral nicotine consumption in rodents.
烟草产品中持续使用香料是其广受欢迎的一个突出因素，但关于香料在尼古丁依赖中的作用知之甚少。本研究旨在通过双瓶选择（2BC）试验调查香料对小鼠口服尼古丁消费的影响，并评估年龄和性别在其相互作用中的潜在影响。
使用青少年和成年雄性和雌性 C57BL/6J 小鼠。首先，测量来自商业电子烟液体供应商（Avail Vapor LLC）的烟草香精的自愿消耗；然后，检查烟草香精与尼古丁结合的效果。在一种方法中，保持烟草香精浓度不变，同时改变尼古丁浓度，在第二种方法中，保持尼古丁浓度不变，同时改变烟草香精浓度。
总的来说，烟草香料降低了小鼠口服尼古丁的消费，其效果依赖于性别和年龄。尽管雌性消耗烟草味溶液的速度略高于雄性，但雄性小鼠对该组合（尼古丁+烟草）的影响更为敏感。此外，与成年小鼠相比，青春期小鼠在存在烟草香料时，尼古丁消耗的减少更为明显。这种衰减很可能是由于对烟草香料本身的基础厌恶，从而与尼古丁产生负协同作用。
烟草香料在 C57BL6J 小鼠的 2BC 试验中增加了对尼古丁的厌恶，这表明在啮齿动物中，某些香料可能会减少而不是增加口服尼古丁的消费。
