Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Musculoskeletal Imaging, University of Virginia Health Systems, 1215 Lee Street, PO Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Musculoskeletal Imaging, University of Virginia Health Systems, 1215 Lee Street, PO Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Clin Sports Med. 2023 Jan;42(1):25-52. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2022.08.009.
Understanding the anatomy, injury patterns, and surgical procedures is essential for image interpretation. While direct evaluation of the rotator cuff cannot be made, radiographs of the shoulder provide the initial evaluation of the osseous abnormalities associated with rotator cuff impingement. MR imaging is considered the study of choice for the evaluation of the shoulder because of the comprehensive assessment of both bone and soft-tissue abnormalities. MR can accurately evaluate the size and shape of tendon tears, tendon tear retraction, and tendon and muscle quality. Computed tomography is an excellent modality for the evaluation of osseous detail and detection of gas and calcium deposition; however, conventional CT is much less sensitive for bone marrow edema detection and soft tissue detail of the rotator cuff. Ultrasound can assess the rotator cuff with results similar to MRI, but cannot evaluate osseous structures.
了解解剖结构、损伤模式和手术过程对于图像解读至关重要。虽然无法直接评估肩袖，但肩部的 X 光片可初步评估与肩袖撞击相关的骨异常。由于可以全面评估骨和软组织异常，磁共振成像 (MRI) 被认为是评估肩部的首选检查方法。MRI 可以准确评估肌腱撕裂的大小和形状、肌腱撕裂回缩以及肌腱和肌肉质量。计算机断层扫描 (CT) 是评估骨骼细节和检测气体和钙沉积的极佳方式；然而，常规 CT 对骨髓水肿检测和肩袖软组织细节的敏感性要低得多。超声可以评估肩袖，结果与 MRI 相似，但无法评估骨骼结构。
