南非女性自我报告高血压的决定因素：基于人群调查的证据
Determinants of self-reported hypertension among women in South Africa: evidence from the population-based survey.
作者信息
Ntenda Peter Austin Morton, El-Meidany Walaa Mamdouh Reyad, Tiruneh Fentanesh Nibret, Motsa Mfundi President Sebenele, Nyirongo Joyce, Chirwa Gowokani Chijere, Kapachika Arnold, Nkoka Owen
机构信息
Malaria Alert Centre, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi.
Department of Nutrition, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
出版信息
Clin Hypertens. 2022 Nov 15;28(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s40885-022-00222-5.
BACKGROUND
Hypertension (HTN), characterized by an elevation of blood pressure, is a serious public health chronic condition that significantly raises the risks of heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases. In South Africa, the prevalence of HTN (measured objectively) was reported at 46.0% in females, nonetheless little is known regarding the prevalence and risks factors of self-reported HTN among the same population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine determinants of self-reported HTN among women in South Africa.
METHODS
The study used data obtained from the 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey. In total, 6,027 women aged ≥ 20 years were analyzed in this study. Self-reported HTN was defined as a case in which an individual has not been clinically diagnosed with this chronic condition by a medical doctor, nurse, or health worker. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to examine the independent factors of self-reported HTN while considering the complex survey design.
RESULTS
Overall, self-reported HTN was reported in 23.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.1-24.1) of South African women. Being younger (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.04; 95% CI, 0.03-0.06), never married (aOR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.85), and not covered by health insurance (aOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58-0.95) reduced the odds of self-reported HTN. On the other hand, being black/African (aOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.17-2.54), perception of being overweight (aOR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.40-2.11), and perception of having poor health status (aOR, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.53-5.21) and the presence of other comorbidities (aOR, 7.92; 95% CI, 3.63-17.29) increased the odds of self-reported HTN.
CONCLUSIONS
Self-reported HTN was largely associated with multiple sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors and the presence of other chronic conditions. Health promotion and services aiming at reducing the burden of HTN in South Africa should consider the associated factors reported in this study to ensure healthy aging and quality of life among women.
背景
高血压（HTN）以血压升高为特征，是一种严重的公共卫生慢性病，会显著增加心脏、大脑、肾脏和其他疾病的风险。在南非，据报告女性高血压（客观测量）患病率为46.0%，但对于同一人群中自我报告的高血压患病率及危险因素知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是调查南非女性自我报告高血压的决定因素。
方法
本研究使用了从2016年南非人口与健康调查中获得的数据。本研究共分析了6027名年龄≥20岁的女性。自我报告的高血压定义为个体未被医生、护士或卫生工作者临床诊断患有这种慢性病的情况。在考虑复杂的调查设计的同时，采用多元逻辑回归模型来研究自我报告高血压的独立因素。
结果
总体而言，23.6%（95%置信区间[CI]，23.1 - 24.1）的南非女性报告有自我报告的高血压。年龄较小（调整后的优势比[aOR]，0.04；95%CI，0.03 - 0.06）、从未结婚（aOR，0.69；95%CI，0.56 - 0.85）以及未参加医疗保险（aOR，0.74；95%CI，0.58 - 0.95）会降低自我报告高血压的几率。另一方面，黑人/非洲人（aOR，1.73；95%CI，1.17 - 2.54）、认为自己超重（aOR，1.72；95%CI，1.40 - 2.11）、认为自己健康状况不佳（aOR，3.53；95%CI，2.53 - 5.21）以及存在其他合并症（aOR，7.92；95%CI，3.63 - 17.29）会增加自我报告高血压的几率。
结论
自我报告的高血压在很大程度上与多种社会人口学、健康和生活方式因素以及其他慢性病的存在有关。旨在减轻南非高血压负担的健康促进和服务应考虑本研究报告的相关因素，以确保女性健康老龄化和生活质量。
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