Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hanover, Germany.
IDEXX Laboratories Inc, Westbrook, ME, 04092, USA.
Parasitol Res. 2023 Jan;122(1):185-194. doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07715-0. Epub 2022 Nov 17.
Coproantigen immunoassays (IDEXX Fecal Dx® antigen tests) were evaluated for their ability to identify Toxocara cati and Ancylostoma tubaeforme infections in cats and Uncinaria stenocephala infection in dogs. Five cats were experimentally infected with 500 embryonated eggs of T. cati, eight cats with 500 third-stage larvae (L3) of A. tubaeforme and seven dogs with 500 L3 of U. stenocephala. In addition to the three coproantigen tests, the course of infection was monitored by a combined sedimentation-flotation method with ZnSO as flotation medium (specific gravity: 1.28-1.30) and a modified McMaster method in case of copromicroscopically positive samples. Eggs of T. cati were first observed between 28 and 54 days post infection (dpi) in four of the five infected cats. In these four cats, positive roundworm coproantigen signals were obtained between 16 and 44 dpi. Positive coproantigen signal always preceded egg observations, but the interval varied between 6 and 30 days. Hookworm-specific positive coproantigen signals were detected in seven of the eight A. tubaeforme infected cats between 10 and 52 dpi, while consecutive egg excretion was observed in three cats between day 26 and 54 pi. Of these three, coproantigen signal preceded egg observation by 12 to 24 days. Four cats had positive coproantigen results in the absence of egg excretion, and one cat never achieved a positive result for egg or coproantigen. In six of seven U. stenocephala infected dogs, infection was confirmed by copromicroscopy between 16 and 24 dpi as well as for hookworm coproantigen between 10 and 14 dpi. Coproantigen signal was detected prior to egg observation by 2 to 14 days. No cross-reactions between the roundworm, hookworm und whipworm tests occurred in study animals. The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the coproantigen tests to detect the common roundworm and hookworm infections in cats and U. stenocephala infections in dogs as well as the ability to detect the prepatent stage of infection.
采用 IDEXX Fecal Dx®抗原检测法（简称 Fecal Dx）对猫的旋毛虫和犬弓首蛔虫感染以及犬窄头钩口线虫感染进行了检测。5 只猫分别经口感染 500 枚旋毛虫卵，8 只猫经口感染 500 条第三期幼虫（L3），7 只狗经口感染 500 条 L3。除了三种抗原检测方法，还通过用 ZnSO4 作为漂浮介质（比重：1.28-1.30）的沉淀-漂浮法和改良麦克马斯特法对感染过程进行监测，若粪检镜检为阳性，则进行改良麦克马斯特法。在感染后第 28-54 天，5 只感染猫中的 4 只首先观察到了旋毛虫虫卵。在这 4 只猫中，16-44 天检测到了阳性的蛔虫抗原信号。阳性的抗原信号总是先于虫卵观察，但间隔时间在 6-30 天之间。8 只感染犬弓首蛔虫的猫中，有 7 只在 10-52 天检测到了钩虫特异性阳性的抗原信号，而 3 只猫在 26-54 天连续排出虫卵。这 3 只猫中，虫卵观察前的抗原信号出现了 12-24 天。4 只猫在没有虫卵排出的情况下抗原检测结果为阳性，1 只猫的虫卵和抗原检测结果均为阴性。在 7 只感染犬窄头钩口线虫的狗中，16-24 天用粪检显微镜检查，10-14 天用钩虫抗原检测，均证实了感染。虫卵观察前的抗原信号出现了 2-14 天。在研究动物中，未出现旋毛虫、钩虫和鞭虫检测之间的交叉反应。该研究结果表明，该抗原检测方法能够检测猫的常见蛔虫和钩虫感染以及犬的窄头钩口线虫感染，还能够检测感染的潜伏期。
