Jiménez-Reinoso Anaïs, Nehme-Álvarez Daniel, Domínguez-Alonso Carmen, Álvarez-Vallina Luis
Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
Front Oncol. 2021 Feb 16;10:593848. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.593848. eCollection 2020.
Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective and life-changing approach for several types of cancers, both liquid and solid tumors. In combination with traditional treatments such as radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, immune checkpoints inhibitors have improved prognosis and overall survival of patients with advanced melanoma and many other cancers. Among adoptive cell therapies (ACT), while chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in some hematologic malignancies, such as B cell leukemias, their success in solid tumors remains scarce due to the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, ACT using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is arguably the most effective treatment for metastatic melanoma patients, but even if their isolation has been achieved in epithelial tumors, their success beyond melanoma remains limited. Here, we review several aspects impacting TIL- and gene-modified "" TIL-based therapies and discuss future challenges that must be addressed with these approaches.
免疫疗法已成为治疗多种癌症（包括血液和实体瘤）的一种有效且改变生活的方法。与放疗和/或化疗等传统治疗方法相结合，免疫检查点抑制剂改善了晚期黑色素瘤和许多其他癌症患者的预后和总生存期。在过继性细胞疗法（ACT）中，虽然嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法在某些血液系统恶性肿瘤（如B细胞白血病）中已显示出显著疗效，但由于肿瘤微环境的特性，它们在实体瘤中的成功应用仍然很少。另一方面，使用肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TIL）的ACT可以说是转移性黑色素瘤患者最有效的治疗方法，但即使已经在上皮肿瘤中实现了TIL的分离，它们在黑色素瘤以外的其他癌症中的成功应用仍然有限。在这里，我们回顾了影响基于TIL和基因修饰的TIL疗法的几个方面，并讨论了这些方法必须应对的未来挑战。
