Rufino Rodrigo de Andrade, Pereira-Rufino Laís da Silva, Vissoto Thays Cristina Silva, Kerkis Irina, Neves Adriana da Costa, da Silva Marcelo Cavenaghi Pereira
Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
Laboratory of Genetics, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
Neurodegener Dis. 2022;22(2):68-82. doi: 10.1159/000528036. Epub 2022 Nov 17.
Several studies indicate the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an important tool in regenerative medicine associated with injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS). The MSCs have the capacity to differentiate into cells of the embryonic tissue, such as the mesoderm. So, these cells can be found in a variety of tissues. Also, the MSCs can release immunomodulatory and neurotrophic factors performance as inflammation mediators operating in injured tissue regeneration. Furthermore, they can differentiate into neural-like cells in vitro. Thereby, because of the high immunomodulatory role of MSCs, this review sought to describe the main immunomodulatory mechanisms performed by MSCs in CNS recovery after tissue injury or neurodegenerative diseases.
PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched between January 2011 to March 2021, and 43 articles met the criteria of the review.
This systematic review indicates that MSCs were used in vivo experimental multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. The treatment MSCs were usually from human origin, derived from bone marrow, and administered intravenously.
It was shown that MSCs, independent from origin or administration pathway, can reduce inflammation and help in the recovery and preservation of injured neural tissue. Thus, the use of MSCs represents a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of neurological disorders mediated by inflammatory processes.
多项研究表明，间充质干细胞（MSCs）作为再生医学中的一种重要工具，与影响中枢神经系统（CNS）的损伤相关。间充质干细胞有能力分化为胚胎组织的细胞，如中胚层细胞。因此，这些细胞可以在多种组织中找到。此外，间充质干细胞可以释放免疫调节和神经营养因子，作为在损伤组织再生中起作用的炎症介质。此外，它们可以在体外分化为神经样细胞。因此，由于间充质干细胞具有高度的免疫调节作用，本综述旨在描述间充质干细胞在组织损伤或神经退行性疾病后中枢神经系统恢复过程中发挥的主要免疫调节机制。
在2011年1月至2021年3月期间检索了PubMed和ScienceDirect，有43篇文章符合该综述的标准。
该系统综述表明，间充质干细胞被用于体内实验性多发性硬化症、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、缺血性中风和创伤性脑损伤。治疗用的间充质干细胞通常来源于人，取自骨髓，并通过静脉注射给药。
结果表明，间充质干细胞无论来源或给药途径如何，都可以减轻炎症，并有助于受损神经组织的恢复和保存。因此，间充质干细胞的应用代表了一种治疗由炎症过程介导的神经系统疾病的潜在治疗选择。
