School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2023 Feb;50(2):1677-1686. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-08067-9. Epub 2022 Nov 19.
Viruses are extremely complex and highly evolving microorganisms; thus, it is difficult to analyse them in detail. The virion is believed to contain all the essential components required from its entry to the establishment of a successful infection in a susceptible host cell. Hence, the virion composition is the principal source for its transmissibility and immunogenicity. A virus is completely dependent on a host cell for its replication and progeny production. Occasionally, they recruit and package host proteins into mature virion. These incorporated host proteins are believed to play crucial roles in the subsequent infection, although the significance and the molecular mechanism regulated are poorly understood. One such host protein which is hijacked by several viruses is the glycolytic enzyme, Enolase (Eno-1) and is also packaged into mature virion of several viruses. This enzyme exhibits a highly flexible nature of functions, ranging from metabolic to several non-metabolic activities. All the glycolytic enzymes are known to be moonlighting proteins including enolase. The non-metabolic functions of this moonlighting protein are also highly diverse with respect to its cellular localization. Although very little is known about the virological significance of this enzyme, several of its non-metabolic functions have been observed to influence the virus replication cycle in infected cells. In this review, we have attempted to provide a comprehensive picture of the non-metabolic role of Eno-1, its significance in the virus replication cycle and to stimulate interest around its scope as a therapeutic target for treating viral pathologies.
病毒是极其复杂和高度进化的微生物；因此，很难对其进行详细分析。病毒粒子被认为包含了从进入易感宿主细胞到成功感染所需的所有基本成分。因此，病毒粒子的组成是其传染性和免疫原性的主要来源。病毒完全依赖宿主细胞进行复制和后代产生。偶尔，它们会招募和包装宿主蛋白到成熟的病毒粒子中。这些被整合的宿主蛋白被认为在随后的感染中起着至关重要的作用，尽管其意义和调控的分子机制尚不清楚。有几种病毒劫持的宿主蛋白就是糖酵解酶烯醇化酶（Eno-1），它也被包装到几种病毒的成熟病毒粒子中。这种酶表现出高度灵活的功能性质，从代谢到几种非代谢活性。所有糖酵解酶都被认为是具有双重功能的蛋白质，包括烯醇化酶。这种具有双重功能的蛋白质的非代谢功能在其细胞定位方面也非常多样化。尽管人们对这种酶的病毒学意义知之甚少，但已经观察到它的几种非代谢功能会影响感染细胞中的病毒复制周期。在这篇综述中，我们试图全面描述 Eno-1 的非代谢作用、它在病毒复制周期中的意义，并激发人们对其作为治疗病毒病理学的治疗靶点的范围的兴趣。
