Urbański Piotr Kazimierz, Rogoza Radosław, Brewer Britton, Tasiemski Tomasz
Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland.
Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2023 Apr;33(4):512-520. doi: 10.1111/sms.14270. Epub 2022 Nov 30.
This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, coping styles and their relationship, and training opportunities in elite athletes with disabilities (AwD) preparing for national and international sport events during a ten-month observation period.
The study covered four time points in 3-month intervals, one retrospective, and three times during the 10 months of the pandemic period with diversified numbers of average new infections per day: A-pre-pandemic, B-third wave of the pandemic (mean = 15 681), C-decrease of the pandemic (mean = 102), and D-fourth wave of the pandemic (mean = 22 591). Main outcome measures included the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
The models regarding changes in anxiety (F = 22.43; p < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.48) and depression (F = 23.82; p < 0.001; partial η = 0.50) over the four time points of examination were significant. The pattern of relationship between coping styles and mood changes during COVID-19 pandemic periods, that is, a sudden increase in anxiety during dynamic growth of infections (waves of a pandemic) and a steady increase in depression over the course of the pandemic was not found. The difference in planned and actual training decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001).
During the transitionary times of the COVID-19 pandemic, both mental health and training opportunities of AwD were at increased risk. Individual coping styles used by AwD were insufficient resources to cope with the extreme stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Their mental health should be monitored in pandemics and similar situations to ensure appropriate and timely organizational and psychological intervention.
本研究调查了在为期十个月的观察期内，新冠疫情对准备参加国内和国际体育赛事的残疾精英运动员（AwD）的心理健康、应对方式及其关系以及训练机会的影响。
该研究涵盖了四个时间点，间隔为三个月，一个是回顾性的，另外三个是在疫情期间的10个月内，每天平均新增感染人数各不相同：A-疫情前，B-疫情第三波（平均 = 15681），C-疫情下降期（平均 = 102），以及D-疫情第四波（平均 = 22591）。主要结果指标包括应激情境应对量表和医院焦虑抑郁量表。
在四个检查时间点上，焦虑变化模型（F = 22.43；p < 0.001；偏 η² = 0.48）和抑郁变化模型（F = 23.82；p < 0.001；偏 η = 0.50）具有显著性。未发现新冠疫情期间应对方式与情绪变化之间的关系模式，即在感染动态增长（疫情波次）期间焦虑突然增加，以及在疫情过程中抑郁稳步增加。随着时间的推移，计划训练与实际训练的差异显著减小（p < 0.001）。
在新冠疫情的过渡时期，AwD的心理健康和训练机会都面临更高风险。AwD所采用个人应对方式不足以应对新冠疫情造成的极端压力。在疫情及类似情况下，应监测他们的心理健康，以确保进行适当及时的组织和心理干预。
