Srivastava Nandita, Choudhury Anirban Roy
Biochemical Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
ACS Omega. 2022 Nov 1;7(45):40724-40739. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06003. eCollection 2022 Nov 15.
In recent times, nutrition and diet have become prominent health paradigms due to sedentary lifestyle disorders. Preventive health care strategies are becoming increasingly popular instead of treating and managing diseases. A nutraceutical is an innovative concept that offers additional health benefits beyond its fundamental nutritional value. These nutraceuticals have the potential to reduce the exorbitant use of synthetic drugs because the modern medicine approach of treating diseases with high-tech, expensive supplements, and long-term consequences aggravates consumers. However, most nutraceuticals are plant-derived, making them susceptible to degradation and prone to chemical instability, poor solubility, unpleasant taste, and bioactivity loss before absorption to the targeted site. To counteract this problem, the bioavailability of these labile compounds can be maximized by encapsulating them in protective nanocarriers. It is crucial that nanoencapsulation technologies convert bioactive compounds into forms that can be easily combined with functional foods and beverages without adversely affecting their organoleptic properties. In recent years, nanoformulations using food-grade materials, such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, etc., have received considerable attention. Among them, microbial polysaccharides are biocompatible, nontoxic, and nonimmunogenic, and most of them are US-FDA approved and can undergo tailored modifications. The nanoformulation of microbial polysaccharide is a relatively new frontier which has several advantages over existing systems. The present article, for the first time, comprehensively reviews microbial polysaccharides-based nanodelivery systems for nutraceuticals and discusses various techno-commercial aspects of these nanotechnological preparations. Moreover, this has also attempted to draw a future research perspective in this area.
近年来，由于久坐不动的生活方式紊乱，营养与饮食已成为突出的健康范式。预防性医疗保健策略正变得越来越受欢迎，而非疾病的治疗与管理。营养保健品是一个创新概念，除了其基本营养价值外，还能提供额外的健康益处。这些营养保健品有可能减少合成药物的过度使用，因为现代医学用高科技、昂贵的补充剂治疗疾病的方法以及长期后果使消费者不堪重负。然而，大多数营养保健品是植物来源的，这使得它们易受降解影响，并且在被吸收到目标部位之前容易出现化学不稳定、溶解度差、味道不佳和生物活性丧失等问题。为了解决这个问题，可以通过将这些不稳定化合物封装在保护性纳米载体中来最大化它们的生物利用度。至关重要的是，纳米封装技术要将生物活性化合物转化为能够轻松与功能性食品和饮料结合而又不会对其感官特性产生不利影响的形式。近年来，使用食品级材料（如多糖、蛋白质、脂质等）的纳米制剂受到了相当大的关注。其中，微生物多糖具有生物相容性、无毒且无免疫原性，并且它们中的大多数已获得美国食品药品监督管理局（US-FDA）批准，还可以进行定制修饰。微生物多糖的纳米制剂是一个相对较新的领域，与现有系统相比具有多个优势。本文首次全面综述了基于微生物多糖的营养保健品纳米递送系统，并讨论了这些纳米技术制剂的各种技术商业方面。此外，本文还试图勾勒出该领域未来的研究前景。
