Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Instituto de Pesquisa Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Nov;64(32):11894-11918. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2245038. Epub 2023 Aug 10.
Plant-derived polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds widely distributed in plants. They have received greater attention in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their potential health benefits, reducing the risk of some chronic diseases due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, and neuro-action properties. Polyphenolic compounds orally administered can be used as adjuvants in several treatments but with restricted uses due to chemical instability. The review discusses the different structural compositions of polyphenols and their influence on chemical stability. Despite the potential and wide applications, there is a need to improve the delivery of polyphenolics to target the human intestine without massive chemical modifications. Oral administration of polyphenols is unfeasible due to instability, low bioaccessibility, and limited bioavailability. Nano-delivery systems based on polysaccharides (starch, pectin, chitosan, and cellulose) have been identified as a viable option for oral ingestion, potentiate biological effects, and direct-controlled delivery in specific tissues. The time and dose can be individualized for specific diseases, such as intestinal cancer. This review will address the mechanisms by which polysaccharides-based nanostructured systems can protect against degradation and enhance intestinal permeation, oral bioavailability, and the potential application of polysaccharides as nanocarriers for the controlled and targeted delivery of polyphenolic compounds.
植物来源的多酚是广泛存在于植物中的天然化合物。由于其具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、心脏保护和神经作用等潜在的健康益处，可以降低某些慢性疾病的风险，因此在食品和制药行业受到了更多的关注。口服的多酚类化合物可以作为几种治疗方法的辅助剂，但由于化学不稳定性，其用途受到限制。本文综述了不同结构组成的多酚及其对化学稳定性的影响。尽管多酚具有很大的应用潜力，但需要改进其在靶向人体肠道的传递，而不进行大规模的化学修饰。由于不稳定、生物利用度低和生物利用度有限，多酚类化合物的口服给药是不可行的。基于多糖（淀粉、果胶、壳聚糖和纤维素）的纳米递药系统已被确定为口服摄入的可行选择，可增强生物效应，并在特定组织中进行直接控制递药。可以针对特定疾病（如肠道癌）进行个体化的时间和剂量。本文综述了多糖基纳米结构系统如何保护多酚免受降解、增强肠道渗透、口服生物利用度的机制，以及多糖作为纳米载体用于多酚类化合物的控制和靶向递送的潜在应用。
