Liu Bang, Liu Xuesheng, Wang Qi, Yan Wenjing, Hao Ming
School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
Liaoning Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for the Prevention and Control of Infectious and Communicable Diseases, Shenyang, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Nov 2;9:1044877. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1044877. eCollection 2022.
Childhood obesity is observed not only in developed countries but also in some developing countries in Asia, where low physical activity and poor physical fitness have been reported. The primary goal of weight loss is to reduce body fat mass, thereby reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome. Unfortunately, a concomitant decrease in lean mass, including muscle mass, is often observed when weight is lost. This study aimed to clarify the nutritional status and physical fitness of local elementary school children and to investigate the factors associated with nutritional status. This study evaluated measures that can reduce the tendency toward obesity and recommends exercise that can reduce weight while maintaining or increasing muscle strength. A total of 911 elementary school children were recruited for this study. All the participants completed anthropometric measurements, dietary surveys, and physical fitness tests. Compared with the Chinese obesity criteria, the proportions of obese and overweight subjects were generally high [22 (rural girls) to 47% (urban boys)], and urban children had a higher obesity rate than rural children. Overall, rural children had better physical fitness test results than urban children did. Skipping rope was correlated with muscle mass. Exercise time (β = -0.31, < 0.01), skipping rope (β = -0.25, < 0.01), screen time (β= 0.23, < 0.01); sit-ups (β = -0.20, < 0.01); 400-m run (β = -0.19, < 0.01); urban or rural area (β = 0.18, < 0.01); oil intake (β = 0.15, < 0.01), family income (β = 0.11, < 0.05); and sex (β = -0.10, < 0.05) were significant predictive factors for overweight and obesity, respectively. The diet of schoolchildren can be improved by reducing the intake of grain and edible oils. Physical fitness of schoolchildren can be improved by increasing exercise time and selecting exercises with higher metabolic equivalents. Rope skipping appears to be the best option because it can ameliorate obesity by increasing muscle strength. The results of this study can provide a reference for the development of obesity intervention methods for children in China and worldwide.
儿童肥胖不仅在发达国家存在，在亚洲一些发展中国家也有发现，这些国家报告了儿童身体活动水平低和身体素质差的情况。减肥的主要目标是减少体脂量，从而降低代谢综合征的风险。不幸的是，减肥时往往会同时出现瘦体重（包括肌肉量）下降的情况。本研究旨在阐明当地小学生的营养状况和身体素质，并调查与营养状况相关的因素。本研究评估了可以减少肥胖倾向的措施，并推荐了能够在保持或增加肌肉力量的同时减轻体重的运动。本研究共招募了911名小学生。所有参与者均完成了人体测量、饮食调查和身体素质测试。与中国肥胖标准相比，肥胖和超重受试者的比例普遍较高[22%（农村女孩）至47%（城市男孩）]，城市儿童的肥胖率高于农村儿童。总体而言，农村儿童的身体素质测试结果优于城市儿童。跳绳与肌肉量相关。运动时间（β = -0.31，P < 0.01）、跳绳（β = -0.25，P < 0.01）、屏幕使用时间（β = 0.23，P < 0.01）、仰卧起坐（β = -0.20，P < 0.01）、400米跑（β = -0.19，P < 0.01）、城市或农村地区（β = 0.18，P < 0.01）、食用油摄入量（β = 0.15，P < 0.01）、家庭收入（β = 0.11，P < 0.05）以及性别（β = -0.10，P < 0.05）分别是超重和肥胖的显著预测因素。小学生的饮食可以通过减少谷物和食用油的摄入量来改善。小学生的身体素质可以通过增加运动时间和选择代谢当量较高的运动来提高。跳绳似乎是最佳选择，因为它可以通过增加肌肉力量来改善肥胖状况。本研究结果可为中国乃至全球儿童肥胖干预方法的制定提供参考。
