中国学龄儿童的身体素质状况：来自2016年中国青少年身体活动与健康状况研究的结果
Prevalence of physical fitness in Chinese school-aged children: Findings from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China-The Youth Study.
作者信息
Zhu Zheng, Yang Yang, Kong Zhenxing, Zhang Yimin, Zhuang Jie
机构信息
Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
出版信息
J Sport Health Sci. 2017 Dec;6(4):395-403. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.09.003. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
PURPOSE
This study was to present the 2016 prevalence estimates of Chinese school-aged children meeting physical fitness standards and to examine differences by sex and residence locales in children who did not meet fitness standards.
METHODS
We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 171,991 children and adolescents (boy: 50.0%, Grades 1-12) who participated in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China-The Youth Study. The main outcomes were fitness measures, assessed by the 2014 revised Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard (CNSPFS), covering areas of aerobic capacity, upper body strength, flexibility, body mass index, abdominal strength, and trunk strength. Children's overall physical fitness performance was categorized, per CNSPFS standards, as excellent, good, pass, or no pass. Data on the prevalence of physical fitness categories and not meeting fitness standards (i.e., among children who received a "no pass" mark) were analyzed, through logistic regression, by sex (boy, girl) and residence locales (urban, rural) across 3 school grades (primary, junior middle, and junior high).
RESULTS
In 2016, 5.95% of Chinese children and adolescents achieved an "excellent" mark, 25.80% received a "good" rating, 59.90% received a "pass", and 8.35% received a "no pass". Overall, boys were more likely to not pass the fitness standards compared with girls (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.710; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.708-1.712) and children living in urban areas were more likely to not pass the standards than those living in rural areas (aOR = 1.298; 95%CI: 1.296-1.299). Consistent patterns of not meeting fitness standards were also found by sex and residence locales across all 3 school grades.
CONCLUSION
In the Chinese school-aged population, about 3 in 10 children achieved an "excellent" or "good" fitness standard in 2016, and about 8% of this population did not meet CNSPFS standards. Children living in urban areas were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels, and boys in school were more likely to not meet minimum fitness performance levels than girls.
目的
本研究旨在呈现2016年达到身体素质标准的中国学龄儿童的患病率估计值，并检验未达标准的儿童在性别和居住地区方面的差异。
方法
我们对参与2016年“中国青少年身体活动与健康研究”的171,991名儿童和青少年（男孩占50.0%，1至12年级）进行了横断面分析。主要结果是身体素质指标，通过2014年修订的《国家学生体质健康标准》（CNSPFS）进行评估，涵盖有氧能力、上肢力量、柔韧性、体重指数、腹部力量和躯干力量等方面。根据CNSPFS标准，将儿童的总体身体素质表现分为优秀、良好、及格或不及格。通过逻辑回归分析，按性别（男孩、女孩）和居住地区（城市、农村）对3个年级（小学、初中、高中）的身体素质类别患病率及未达标准（即获得“不及格”成绩的儿童）的数据进行了分析。
结果
2016年，5.95%的中国儿童和青少年获得“优秀”成绩，25.80%获得“良好”成绩，59.90%获得“及格”成绩，8.35%获得“不及格”成绩。总体而言，与女孩相比，男孩更有可能未达健身标准（调整后的优势比（aOR）=1.710；95%置信区间（CI）：1.708 - 1.712），且城市地区的儿童比农村地区的儿童更有可能未达标准（aOR = 1.298；95%CI：1.296 - 1.299）。在所有3个年级中，按性别和居住地区也发现了未达健身标准的一致模式。
结论
在2016年的中国学龄人口中，约十分之三的儿童达到了“优秀”或“良好”的健身标准，约8%的人口未达CNSPFS标准。城市地区的儿童更有可能未达最低身体素质表现水平，在校男孩比女孩更有可能未达最低身体素质表现水平。
Zotero 插件