Anwer Hamza, O'Dea Rose E, Mason Dominic, Zajitschek Susanne, Klinke Annabell, Reid Madeleine, Hesselson Daniel, Noble Daniel W A, Morris Margaret J, Lagisz Malgorzata, Nakagawa Shinichi
Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia.
Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Nov 15;12(11):e9511. doi: 10.1002/ece3.9511. eCollection 2022 Nov.
The obesity epidemic, largely driven by the accessibility of ultra-processed high-energy foods, is one of the most pressing public health challenges of the 21st century. Consequently, there is increasing concern about the impacts of diet-induced obesity on behavior and cognition. While research on this matter continues, to date, no study has explicitly investigated the effect of obesogenic diet on variance and covariance (correlation) in behavioral traits. Here, we examined how an obesogenic versus control diet impacts means and (co-)variances of traits associated with body condition, behavior, and cognition in a laboratory population of ~160 adult zebrafish (). Overall, an obesogenic diet increased variation in several zebrafish traits. Zebrafish on an obesogenic diet were significantly heavier and displayed higher body weight variability; fasting blood glucose levels were similar between control and treatment zebrafish. During behavioral assays, zebrafish on the obesogenic diet displayed more exploratory behavior and were less reactive to video stimuli with conspecifics during a personality test, but these significant differences were sex-specific. Zebrafish on an obesogenic diet also displayed repeatable responses in aversive learning tests whereas control zebrafish did not, suggesting an obesogenic diet resulted in more consistent, yet impaired, behavioral responses. Where behavioral syndromes existed (inter-class correlations between personality traits), they did not differ between obesogenic and control zebrafish groups. By integrating a multifaceted, holistic approach that incorporates components of (co-)variances, future studies will greatly benefit by quantifying neglected dimensions of obesogenic diets on behavioral changes.
肥胖流行在很大程度上是由超加工高能食品的易获取性驱动的，是21世纪最紧迫的公共卫生挑战之一。因此，人们越来越关注饮食诱导的肥胖对行为和认知的影响。虽然关于这个问题的研究仍在继续，但迄今为止，尚无研究明确调查致肥胖饮食对行为特征方差和协方差（相关性）的影响。在这里，我们研究了致肥胖饮食与对照饮食如何影响约160条成年斑马鱼实验室群体中与身体状况、行为和认知相关的性状的均值和（协）方差。总体而言，致肥胖饮食增加了几种斑马鱼性状的变异性。食用致肥胖饮食的斑马鱼明显更重，且体重变异性更高；对照斑马鱼和处理组斑马鱼的空腹血糖水平相似。在行为测试中，食用致肥胖饮食的斑马鱼在个性测试中表现出更多的探索行为，对同种个体的视频刺激反应较小，但这些显著差异具有性别特异性。食用致肥胖饮食的斑马鱼在厌恶学习测试中也表现出可重复的反应，而对照斑马鱼则没有，这表明致肥胖饮食导致行为反应更一致但受损。在存在行为综合征的情况下（个性特征之间的类间相关性），致肥胖斑马鱼组和对照斑马鱼组之间没有差异。通过整合一种包含（协）方差成分的多方面、整体方法，未来的研究将通过量化致肥胖饮食对行为变化被忽视维度的影响而受益匪浅。
