Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa.
Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa.
Front Public Health. 2022 Nov 4;10:980754. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.980754. eCollection 2022.
In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) endothelial dysfunction (ED) and chronic inflammation in the HIV-positive adults population who are on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are not fully explored. We determined the effect of HAART on chronic inflammation and ED among HAART-exposed adults in a rural setting. Weight and height were measured to quantify the body mass index (BMI). Lipid and Glucose levels were determined. C-reactive protein (CRP), L-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) in serum samples were tested. The majority of the HAART-exposed group were on treatment for <5 years. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecules, sVCAM-1, L-selectin and CRP were elevated in the HIV-infected groups as compared to the control group. The multivariate analysis showed that HIV infection (HAART-naïve) associated with increased sICAM-1 (β = 0.350; 95% CI: 0.035-0.664, = 0.029) and L-selectin (β = 0.236; 95% CI: 0.038-0.434, = 0.019) but not sVCAM-1 (β = 0.009; 95% CI: 0.252-0.270, = 0.468). The HAART-exposed group is associated with sVCAM-1 (β = 0.250; 95% CI: 0.015-0.486, = 0.037) but not with sICAM-1- (β = 0.253; 95% CI: -0.083-0.590, = 0.14) and L-selectin (β = 0.119; 95% CI: -0.016-0.253, = 0.084). sVCAM-1 was associated with decreased alcohol consumption (β = -0.245; 95% CI: -0.469-0.021, = 0.032) while L-selectin was associated with decreased total cholesterol (β = -0.061; 95% CI: -0.124-0.002, = 0.05) and increased CRP (β = 0.015; 95% CI: 0.009-0.022, < 0.001). Increased endothelial biomarkers were associated with HIV disease and HAART in a rural black adult population of African descent after controlling for CVD risk factors. Inflammation (as measured with CRP) may play an important role in endothelial activation. Further studies are needed to explore the association between endothelial dysfunction and inflammation especially among the HIV-positive population on HAART in similar settings.
在撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA），接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）的 HIV 阳性成年人中，内皮功能障碍（ED）和慢性炎症尚未得到充分研究。我们旨在确定在农村环境中，HAART 对 HAART 暴露成年人的慢性炎症和 ED 的影响。测量体重和身高以量化体重指数（BMI）。测定血脂和血糖水平。检测血清样本中的 C 反应蛋白（CRP）、L-选择素、可溶性细胞间黏附分子（sICAM-1）和可溶性血管细胞黏附分子（sVCAM-1）。HAART 暴露组中的大多数人接受治疗的时间不到 5 年。与对照组相比，HIV 感染组的可溶性细胞间黏附分子、sVCAM-1、L-选择素和 CRP 升高。多变量分析显示，HIV 感染（未接受 HAART）与 sICAM-1 增加相关（β=0.350；95%CI：0.035-0.664，=0.029）和 L-选择素（β=0.236；95%CI：0.038-0.434，=0.019），但与 sVCAM-1 无关（β=0.009；95%CI：0.252-0.270，=0.468）。HAART 暴露组与 sVCAM-1 相关（β=0.250；95%CI：0.015-0.486，=0.037），但与 sICAM-1 无关（β=0.253；95%CI：-0.083-0.590，=0.14）和 L-选择素（β=0.119；95%CI：-0.016-0.253，=0.084）。sVCAM-1 与饮酒量减少相关（β=-0.245；95%CI：-0.469-0.021，=0.032），而 L-选择素与总胆固醇减少相关（β=-0.061；95%CI：-0.124-0.002，=0.05）和 CRP 增加相关（β=0.015；95%CI：0.009-0.022，<0.001）。在控制心血管疾病危险因素后，在非洲裔黑人成年农村人群中，内皮生物标志物与 HIV 疾病和 HAART 相关。炎症（以 CRP 衡量）可能在内皮激活中起重要作用。需要进一步的研究来探讨内皮功能障碍和炎症之间的关系，特别是在类似环境中接受 HAART 的 HIV 阳性人群中。
