de Meiroz Grilo Maria Lara Porpino, de Sousa Geovan Menezes, de Mendonça Lilían Andrade Carlos, Lobão-Soares Bruno, de Sousa Maria Bernardete Cordeiro, Palhano-Fontes Fernanda, de Araujo Draulio Barros, Perkins Daniel, Hallak Jaime Eduardo Cecilio, Galvão-Coelho Nicole Leite
Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2022 Nov 4;16:901425. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.901425. eCollection 2022.
Observational studies of long-term users of ayahuasca, an Amazonian psychedelic brew, suggest an increase in resilience improvements in emotion and cognition. Ayahuasca has also demonstrated clinical antidepressant effects in human and animal studies; however, its potential prophylactic action in depression has not been previously studied. Therefore, this experimental study sought to evaluate the potential prophylactic effects of repeated and long-term ayahuasca use, the modulation of resilience, in a non-human primate animal model, , subjected to a protocol for induction of depressive-like behavior. For the formation of the study groups, some juvenile marmosets were kept in their family groups (GF = 7), while for the two experimental groups, the animals were removed from the family and kept socially isolated. Then, part of the isolated animals made up the group in which ayahuasca was administered (AG, = 6), while for others, no intervention was made (IG, = 5). AG animals took ayahuasca (1.67 mL/300g body weight) at weeks 4 (before isolation), 8, and 12 (during isolation) of the study. More adaptive stress response was observed for the AG when compared to the IG. The AG showed higher cortisol reactivity and fecal cortisol levels than IG, while both measures were similar to FG. Moreover, AG animals showed no signs of anhedonia and no increase in chronic stress-related behaviors, which were expressed by the IG. Thus, ayahuasca seems to promote the expression of resilient responses, indicating a prophylactic action, buffering the emergence of depressive-like behaviors and cortisol alterations associated with major depression. These results are encouraging for further research on the prophylactic use of psychedelics to prevent psychopathologies associated with chronic stress.
对亚马逊迷幻饮料死藤水的长期使用者进行的观察性研究表明，其恢复力有所增强，情绪和认知能力也有所改善。在人体和动物研究中，死藤水还显示出临床抗抑郁作用；然而，此前尚未对其在抑郁症中的潜在预防作用进行研究。因此，这项实验研究旨在评估在非人灵长类动物模型中，反复长期使用死藤水的潜在预防作用及其对恢复力的调节作用，该模型采用了诱导抑郁样行为的方案。为了形成研究组，一些幼年狨猴被留在它们的家庭群体中（GF = 7），而对于两个实验组，动物被从家庭中移出并保持社会隔离。然后，部分隔离动物组成了接受死藤水给药的组（AG，n = 6），而其他动物则不进行干预（IG，n = 5）。AG组动物在研究的第4周（隔离前）、第8周和第12周（隔离期间）服用死藤水（1.67 mL/300g体重）。与IG组相比，观察到AG组有更适应性的应激反应。AG组的皮质醇反应性和粪便皮质醇水平高于IG组，而这两项指标与FG组相似。此外，AG组动物没有表现出快感缺失的迹象，也没有出现与慢性应激相关行为的增加，而IG组则表现出这些行为。因此，死藤水似乎能促进恢复力反应的表达，表明其具有预防作用，可缓冲与重度抑郁症相关的抑郁样行为和皮质醇变化的出现。这些结果对于进一步研究使用迷幻剂预防与慢性应激相关的精神病理学具有鼓舞作用。
