Ghadimi Keyvan, Heidari Zohreh, Kheradmand Mohsen, Najafi Mohammad Amin, Chitsaz Ahmad, Khorvash Fariborz, Fahim Maryam, Najafi Mohammad Reza
School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan, Iran.
Am J Neurodegener Dis. 2022 Oct 15;11(3):46-54. eCollection 2022.
COVID-19 is the cause of the recent pandemic. Viral infections could increase the risks of neurological impairments, including seizures. Here, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical, imaging, electroencephalography and laboratory characteristics of seizures in COVID-19.
This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on cases of COVID-19 infection and seizure. The prevalence of seizures in patients with COVID-19 was calculated using the incidence of seizures in all patients. The collected data were age, sex, history of previous illnesses, the severity of COVID-19 disease, patients' medications, hospitalization, and the presence of electrolyte disorders in patients' tests and other tests such as blood gas. Those patients with their first seizure episodes were also divided into two groups of cases with COVID-19 associated seizures (N=38) and non-COVID-19 associated seizures (N=37) and the mentioned data were compared between the two groups.
We assessed data of 60 patients with COVID-19-associated seizures (group 1), 40 patients with seizures not related to COVID-19 (group 2) and 60 patients with COVID-19 infection and no seizures (group 3). The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly higher in group 3 compared to group 1 (P=0.044 and P=0.009, respectively). Still, patients in group 1 had a higher prevalence of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) compared to group 3 (P=0.008). The prevalence of abnormal EEG was significantly higher in cases with COVID-19 infection compared to the other group (P<0.001). Cases with their first seizure episode associated with COVID-19 had significantly higher creatinine levels (P=0.035), lower blood pH (P=0.023), lower blood HCO3 (P=0.001), higher ALT (P=0.004), higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P=0.001), lower hemoglobin (Hb) (P=0.017), higher ESR (P=0.001), higher CRP (P<0.001) and higher mortality rates (P=0.004).
Patients with COVID-19 infection and seizure have higher mortality rates and disturbed laboratory data.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）是近期大流行的病因。病毒感染可能会增加包括癫痫发作在内的神经功能障碍风险。在此，我们旨在评估COVID-19患者癫痫发作的患病率、临床、影像学、脑电图和实验室特征。
对COVID-19感染和癫痫发作病例进行了这项回顾性横断面研究。通过计算所有患者的癫痫发作发病率来得出COVID-19患者的癫痫发作患病率。收集的数据包括年龄、性别、既往病史、COVID-19疾病的严重程度、患者用药情况、住院情况以及患者检查中的电解质紊乱情况和其他检查如血气分析结果。首次发作的患者也被分为两组，即COVID-19相关性癫痫发作组（N = 38）和非COVID-19相关性癫痫发作组（N = 37），并对两组之间上述数据进行比较。
我们评估了60例COVID-19相关性癫痫发作患者（第1组）、40例与COVID-19无关的癫痫发作患者（第2组）和60例COVID-19感染但无癫痫发作的患者（第3组）的数据。第3组中高血压和糖尿病的患病率显著高于第1组（分别为P = 0.044和P = 0.009）。然而，第1组患者脑血管意外（CVA）的患病率高于第3组（P = 0.008）。COVID-19感染患者中脑电图异常的患病率显著高于另一组（P < 0.001）。首次发作与COVID-19相关的患者肌酐水平显著更高（P = 0.035），血pH值更低（P = 0.023），血HCO3更低（P = 0.001），谷丙转氨酶（ALT）更高（P = 0.004），血尿素氮（BUN）更高（P = 0.001），血红蛋白（Hb）更低（P = 0.017），红细胞沉降率（ESR）更高（P = 0.001），C反应蛋白（CRP）更高（P < 0.001）且死亡率更高（P = 0.004）。
COVID-19感染并癫痫发作的患者死亡率更高且实验室数据紊乱。
