Balasubramanian Satheeswaran, Perumal Ekambaram
Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.
Crit Rev Toxicol. 2022 Jul;52(6):449-468. doi: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2122771. Epub 2022 Nov 24.
Fluoride, one of the global groundwater contaminants, is ubiquitous in our day-to-day life from various natural and anthropogenic sources. Numerous , , and epidemiological studies are conducted to understand the effect of fluoride on biological systems. A low concentration of fluoride is reported to increase oral health, whereas chronic exposure to higher concentrations causes fluoride toxicity (fluorosis). It includes dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and fluoride toxicity in soft tissues. The mechanism of fluoride toxicity has been reviewed extensively. However, epigenetic regulation in fluoride toxicity has not been reviewed. This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge regarding fluoride-induced epigenetic toxicity in the , and epidemiological studies in mammalian systems. We examined four databases for the association between epigenetics and fluoride exposure. Out of 932 articles (as of 31 March 2022), 39 met our inclusion criteria. Most of the studies focused on different genes, and overall, preliminary evidence for epigenetic regulation of fluoride toxicity was identified. We further highlight the need for epigenome studies rather than candidate genes and provide recommendations for future research. Our results indicate a correlation between fluoride exposure and epigenetic processes. Further studies are warranted to elucidate and confirm the mechanism of epigenetic alterations mediated fluoride toxicity.
氟化物是全球地下水中的污染物之一，在我们的日常生活中，它来自各种自然和人为来源，无处不在。人们进行了大量的 、 和流行病学研究，以了解氟化物对生物系统的影响。据报道，低浓度的氟化物可改善口腔健康，而长期接触高浓度的氟化物会导致氟中毒。它包括牙齿氟中毒、骨骼氟中毒和软组织中的氟中毒。氟中毒的机制已得到广泛综述。然而，氟中毒中的表观遗传调控尚未得到综述。本系统综述总结了目前关于氟化物诱导的表观遗传毒性在哺乳动物系统中的 、 和流行病学研究的相关知识。我们检索了四个数据库，以查找表观遗传学与氟化物暴露之间的关联。在932篇文章（截至2022年3月31日）中，39篇符合我们的纳入标准。大多数研究关注不同的基因，总体而言，已确定了氟化物毒性表观遗传调控的初步证据。我们进一步强调需要进行表观基因组研究而非候选基因研究，并为未来的研究提供建议。我们的结果表明氟化物暴露与表观遗传过程之间存在相关性。有必要进一步开展研究，以阐明和确认氟化物毒性介导的表观遗传改变机制。
