Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2023 Jun;62(6):551-564. doi: 10.1177/00099228221139982. Epub 2022 Nov 25.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common, serious acute complication in children with diabetes mellitus (DM). DKA can accompany new-onset type 1 insulin-dependent DM, or it can occur with established type 1 DM, during the increased demands of an acute illness or with decreased insulin delivery due to omitted doses or insulin pump failure. In addition, DKA episodes in children with type 2 DM are being reported with greater frequency. Although the diagnosis is usually straightforward in a known diabetes patient with expected findings, a sizable proportion of patients with new-onset DM present with DKA. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to acquaint clinicians with details regarding the pathophysiology, treatment caveats, and potential complications of DKA.
糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）是儿童糖尿病患者常见且严重的急性并发症。DKA 可伴随新发的 1 型胰岛素依赖型糖尿病，也可发生于已确诊的 1 型糖尿病患者，伴急性疾病时的需求增加或因漏注剂量或胰岛素泵故障导致胰岛素输送减少。此外，报道显示儿童 2 型糖尿病患者的 DKA 发作频率更高。尽管在已知糖尿病患者中，根据预期发现，诊断通常很简单，但仍有相当一部分新发糖尿病患者出现 DKA。本综述的目的是使临床医生了解 DKA 的病理生理学、治疗注意事项和潜在并发症的详细信息。
