Raza Syed Turab, Zhu Bo, Yao Zhiyuan, Wu Jianping, Chen Zhe, Ali Zulfiqar, Tang Jia Liang
Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 20;860:160479. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160479. Epub 2022 Nov 23.
Ammonia (NH) volatilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission are important environment pollution sources in upland agro-ecosystems. Vermicompost was used for amending purple soil and comparing NH and GHG emissions. A field experiment was conducted with a comparison of organic and inorganic fertilizers in a wheat-maize rotation system in the Sichuan Basin, China. The five treatments were conventional inorganic fertilizers, NPK as control; vermicompost prepared with cow dung (VCM); and pig manure (VPM); cow dung and pig manure vermicompost, respectively (VCMNPK, VPMNPK). Total nitrogen rates of all treatments were the same. Soil NH volatilization and GHG emissions were monitored with the static chamber method. The results showed that NH volatilization occurred in the first two weeks following nitrogen (N) fertilization. The cumulative fluxes of NH recorded in the NPK, VCM, VPM, VCMNPK, and VPMNPK treatments were 15.4, 5.7, 6.3, 10.32, and 10.29 kg N ha yr, respectively, in the winter and 4.8, 5.5, 19.83, 12.8, and 11.9 kg N ha yr respectively, in the summer. The global warming potential (GWP) 773.6 and 803.9 g CO-eq m in VCM and VPM, respectively, during the wheat season 540.6 and 576.2 g CO-eq m, respectively, during the maize season. The GWPs in NPK treatment were 1032.4 and 570.7 g CO-eq m during the wheat and maize seasons, respectively. The increasing effects of nutrient loops, particularly 18 % soil total nitrogen (TN) and 31 % soil organic carbon (SOC) in VCM, and crop productivity of vermicompost treatments during the wheat-maize rotation had been evaluated. This study recommends that VCM can be considered as a better organic amendment, promoting plant growth while decreasing the environmental costs of gas emissions.
氨（NH₃）挥发和温室气体（GHG）排放是旱地农业生态系统中的重要环境污染源。采用蚯蚓堆肥改良紫色土并比较氨和温室气体排放情况。在中国四川盆地的小麦 - 玉米轮作系统中进行了一项田间试验，比较了有机肥料和无机肥料。五个处理分别为：常规无机肥料，以NPK作为对照；牛粪制备的蚯蚓堆肥（VCM）；猪粪制备的蚯蚓堆肥（VPM）；牛粪和猪粪混合蚯蚓堆肥（VCMNPK、VPMNPK）。所有处理的总氮量相同。采用静态箱法监测土壤氨挥发和温室气体排放。结果表明，施氮后前两周出现氨挥发。在冬季，NPK、VCM、VPM、VCMNPK和VPMNPK处理中记录的氨累积通量分别为15.4、5.7、6.3、10.32和10.29 kg N·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹，夏季分别为4.8、5.5、19.83、12.8和11.9 kg N·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹。在小麦季，VCM和VPM的全球升温潜能值（GWP）分别为773.6和803.9 g CO₂ - eq·m⁻²，玉米季分别为540.6和576.2 g CO₂ - eq·m⁻²。NPK处理在小麦季和玉米季的GWP分别为1032.4和570.7 g CO₂ - eq·m⁻²。评估了养分循环的增加效应，特别是VCM中土壤总氮（TN）增加18%和土壤有机碳（SOC）增加31%，以及蚯蚓堆肥处理在小麦 - 玉米轮作期间的作物生产力。本研究建议，VCM可被视为一种更好的有机改良剂，既能促进植物生长，又能降低气体排放的环境成本。
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