Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 10081, PR China.
AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Aug 15;633:230-239. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.069. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
The impacts of manure application on soil ammonia (NH) volatilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are of interest for both agronomic and environmental reasons. However, how the swine manure addition affects greenhouse gas and N emissions in North China Plain wheat fields is still unknown. A long-term fertilization experiment was carried out on a maize-wheat rotation system in Northern China (Zea mays L-Triticum aestivum L.) from 1990 to 2017. The experiment included four treatments: (1) No fertilizer (CK), (2) single application of chemical fertilizers (NPK), (3) NPK plus 22.5t/ha swine manure (NPKM), (4) NPK plus 33.7t/ha swine manure (NPKM+). A short-term fertilization experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2017 using the same treatments in a field that had been abandoned for decades. The emissions of NH and GHGs were measured during the wheat season from 2016 to 2017. Results showed that after long-term fertilization the wheat yields for NPKM treatment were 7105kg/ha, which were higher than NPK (3880kg/ha) and NPKM+ treatments (5518kg/ha). The wheat yields were similar after short-term fertilization (6098-6887kg/ha). The NH-N emission factors (EF) for NPKM and NPKM+ treatments (1.1 and 1.1-1.4%, respectively) were lower than NPK treatment (2.2%) in both the long and short-term fertilization treatments. In the long- and short-term experiments the nitrous oxide (NO) emission factors (EF) for NPKM+ treatment were 4.2% and 3.7%, respectively, which were higher than for the NPK treatment (3.5% and 2.5%, respectively) and the NPKM treatment (3.6% and 2.2%, respectively). In addition, under long and short-term fertilization, the greenhouse gas intensities for the NPKM+ treatment were 33.7 and 27.0kg CO-eq/kg yield, respectively, which were higher than for the NPKM treatment (22.8 and 21.1kg CO-eq/kg yield, respectively). These results imply that excessive swine manure application does not increase yield but increases GHG emissions.
粪肥施用对土壤氨（NH）挥发和温室气体（GHG）排放的影响，无论是出于农业还是环境原因，都具有重要意义。然而，在中国北方平原麦田中，猪粪的添加如何影响温室气体和 N 排放仍不清楚。从 1990 年到 2017 年，在中国北方（玉米-Zea mays L-小麦-Triticum aestivum L.）的玉米-小麦轮作系统上进行了一项长期施肥试验。该试验包括四种处理：（1）不施肥（CK），（2）单施化肥（NPK），（3）NPK 加 22.5t/ha 猪粪（NPKM），（4）NPK 加 33.7t/ha 猪粪（NPKM+）。从 2016 年到 2017 年，使用相同的处理在一个废弃了几十年的田间进行了一项短期施肥试验。2016 年至 2017 年小麦季测量了 NH 和 GHG 的排放。结果表明，长期施肥后，NPKM 处理的小麦产量为 7105kg/ha，高于 NPK（3880kg/ha）和 NPKM+处理（5518kg/ha）。短期施肥后产量相似（6098-6887kg/ha）。长期和短期施肥中，NPKM 和 NPKM+处理的 NH-N 排放因子（EF）（分别为 1.1%和 1.1-1.4%）均低于 NPK 处理（2.2%）。在长期和短期试验中，NPKM+处理的氧化亚氮（NO）排放因子（EF）分别为 4.2%和 3.7%，高于 NPK 处理（分别为 3.5%和 2.5%）和 NPKM 处理（分别为 3.6%和 2.2%）。此外，在长期和短期施肥下，NPKM+处理的温室气体强度分别为 33.7 和 27.0kg CO-eq/kg 产量，高于 NPKM 处理（分别为 22.8 和 21.1kg CO-eq/kg 产量）。这些结果表明，过量施用猪粪不仅不会增加产量，反而会增加温室气体排放。
