Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
Schizophr Bull. 2023 Mar 15;49(2):397-406. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbac168.
Predictive processing posits that perception emerges from inferential processes within a hierarchical cortical system. Alterations of these processes may result in psychotic experiences, such as hallucinations and delusions. Central to the predictive processing account of psychosis is the notion of aberrant weights attributed to prior information and sensory input. Based on the notion that previous perceptual choices represent a relevant source of prior information, we here asked whether the propensity towards psychotic experiences may be related to altered choice history biases in perceptual decision-making.
We investigated the relationship between choice history biases in perceptual decision-making and psychosis proneness in the general population. Choice history biases and their adaptation to experimentally induced changes in stimulus serial dependencies were investigated in decision-making tasks with auditory (experiment 1) and visual (experiment 2) stimuli. We further explored a potential compensatory mechanism for reduced choice history biases by reliance on predictive cross-modal cues.
In line with our preregistered hypothesis, psychosis proneness was associated with decreased choice history biases in both experiments. This association is generalized across conditions with and without stimulus serial dependencies. We did not find consistent evidence for a compensatory reliance on cue information in psychosis-prone individuals across experiments.
Our results show reduced choice history biases in psychosis proneness. A compensatory mechanism between implicit choice history effects and explicit cue information is not supported unequivocally by our data.
预测加工理论认为，感知是从分层皮质系统中的推理过程中产生的。这些过程的改变可能导致精神病体验，如幻觉和妄想。精神病的预测加工理论的核心是先前信息和感觉输入的异常权重的概念。基于先前的感知选择代表先前信息的相关来源的概念，我们在这里询问，精神病倾向是否可能与感知决策中的改变的选择历史偏见有关。
我们在一般人群中调查了感知决策中的选择历史偏见与精神病倾向之间的关系。我们在听觉（实验 1）和视觉（实验 2）刺激的决策任务中研究了感知决策中的选择历史偏见及其对实验诱导的刺激序列依赖性变化的适应。我们进一步通过依赖预测跨模态线索来探索减少选择历史偏见的潜在补偿机制。
与我们预先注册的假设一致，在两个实验中，精神病倾向与选择历史偏见的减少有关。这种关联在有和没有刺激序列依赖的条件下都是普遍存在的。我们没有发现精神病倾向个体在跨实验中对线索信息的补偿依赖的一致证据。
我们的结果表明，在精神病倾向中，选择历史偏见减少。我们的数据不支持隐含选择历史效应和显式线索信息之间的补偿机制。
