Alkassab Abdulrahim T, Kunz Nadine, Bischoff Gabriela, Lüken Dorothee, Janke Martina, Wallner Klaus, Kirchner Wolfgang H, Pistorius Jens
Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Bee Protection, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany.
Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Bee Protection, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany.
Chemosphere. 2023 Feb;313:137396. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137396. Epub 2022 Nov 25.
Risk assessment of plant protection products (PPPs) will be conducted before authorization for their possible effects on non-target organisms, including honey bees. Tank mixtures are often common practice by farmers, and mostly their effects on honey bees are not routinely assessed. To enable a realistic assessment of laboratory-reported effects of a combination of the insecticide thiacloprid and fungicide prochloraz on honey bees, a large-scale field study with spray application in winter oilseed rape was conducted in four regions in Germany. Several parameters were investigated, including mortality, flight activity, and colony development. Residue analysis of various materials (e.g., dead bees, nectar, and pollen) was conducted to assess exposure level. We observed several intoxication symptoms 2 h after application, including a high number of moribund bees and dead bees on the first day after application (DAA +1) compared to the control. Adverse effects were observed on the number of open brood cells, with a significant reduction of approximately 22% compared to control over the experimental period. High residue concentrations were detected on flowers and dead bees on the day of application, which decreased rapidly within six days. The residue concentrations detected were higher in bee-collected materials than in materials stored in the hive. In conclusion, exposure to a combination containing thiacloprid-prochloraz poses a high risk to honey bees. Thus, the application of such a mixture on flowering crops is restricted in Germany.
植物保护产品（PPPs）在授权前会针对其对包括蜜蜂在内的非靶标生物可能产生的影响进行风险评估。农民经常将药剂进行桶混使用，而其对蜜蜂的影响大多未进行常规评估。为了切实评估杀虫剂噻虫啉与杀菌剂咪鲜胺组合对蜜蜂的实验室报告影响，在德国四个地区针对冬季油菜进行了大规模喷雾施用的田间研究。研究了多个参数，包括死亡率、飞行活动和蜂群发育情况。对各种材料（如死蜂、花蜜和花粉）进行残留分析以评估暴露水平。施药后2小时，我们观察到了多种中毒症状，与对照组相比，施药后第一天（DAA +1）出现大量濒死蜜蜂和死蜂。观察到对封盖子脾数量有不利影响，在整个实验期间与对照组相比显著减少了约22%。施药当天在花朵和死蜂上检测到高残留浓度，这些浓度在六天内迅速下降。在蜜蜂采集的材料中检测到的残留浓度高于蜂巢中储存的材料。总之，接触含有噻虫啉 - 咪鲜胺的组合对蜜蜂构成高风险。因此，在德国，此类混合物在开花作物上的施用受到限制。
