National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2023 Mar 1;49(2):117-125. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.4074. Epub 2022 Nov 29.
Night and evening work is associated with risk of sickness absence, but little is known about the acute effects of these types of shifts on sickness absence. The aim of the current study is therefore to examine the risk of calling in sick within two days after a night or an evening shift.
By use of a case-crossover design, odds of calling in sick within two days after a night or an evening shift compared to day shifts were analyzed within the same person. Day-to-day information on shifts and sickness absence were derived from the Danish Working Hour Database on 44 767 cases. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. The analyses were supplemented by extensive testing of methodological choices.
Analyses showed higher odds of calling in sick after a night shift [odds ratio (OR) 1.22, 95% confidence intervak (CI) 1.14-1.30] and lower odds after an evening shift (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.84-0.93) compared to day shifts within the same person. Testing of methodological choices suggested that in particular the duration of case and control periods, time between these periods along with the number of control periods affected the results.
This large and unique within-person study among Danish hospital employees indicate that the risk of calling in sick is affected by the types of shifts, independently of sex, age, and time-invariant confounding. Extensive testing identified important methodological choices eg, length and number of included periods to consider when choosing the case-crossover design.
夜班和晚班工作与缺勤风险相关，但对于这些班次类型对缺勤的急性影响知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在考察夜班和晚班后两天请病假的风险。
本研究采用病例交叉设计，在同一人群内分析夜班和晚班后两天请病假的几率与白班相比的情况。通过丹麦工作时间数据库，对 44767 例病例的每日班次和病假数据进行分析。使用条件逻辑回归进行数据分析。通过对方法选择的广泛测试对分析结果进行补充。
分析结果显示，与白班相比，夜班后请病假的几率更高（比值比 1.22，95%置信区间 1.14-1.30），晚班后请病假的几率更低（比值比 0.89，95%置信区间 0.84-0.93）。对方法选择的测试结果表明，尤其是病例和对照期的持续时间、这些期间的时间间隔以及对照期的数量，都会影响研究结果。
本项针对丹麦医院员工的大型独特的个体内研究表明，无论性别、年龄和时间不变性混杂因素如何，班次类型会影响请病假的风险。广泛的测试结果确定了一些重要的方法选择，例如在选择病例交叉设计时应考虑纳入期的长度和数量。
