McCracken Heather S, Murphy Bernadette, Ambalavanar Ushani, Zabihhosseinian Mahboobeh, Yielder Paul C
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.
J Neurophysiol. 2023 Jan 1;129(1):247-261. doi: 10.1152/jn.00173.2022. Epub 2022 Nov 30.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has noted alterations to motor performance and coordination, potentially affecting learning processes and the acquisition of motor skills. This work will provide insight into the role of altered neural processing and sensorimotor integration (SMI) while learning a novel visuomotor task in young adults with ADHD. This work compared adults with ADHD ( = 12) to neurotypical controls ( = 16), using a novel visuomotor tracing task, where participants used their right-thumb to trace a sinusoidal waveform that varied in both frequency and amplitude. This learning paradigm was completed in pre, acquisition, and post blocks, where participants additionally returned and completed a retention and transfer test 24 h later. Right median nerve short latency somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were collected pre and post motor acquisition. Performance accuracy and variability improved at post and retention measures for both groups for both normalized ( < 0.001) and absolute ( < 0.001) performance scores. N18 SEP: increased in the ADHD group post motor learning and decreased in controls ( < 0.05). N20 SEP: increased in both groups post motor learning ( < 0.01). P25: increased in both groups post motor learning ( < 0.001). N24: increased for both groups at post measures ( < 0.05). N30: decreased in the ADHD group and increased in controls ( < 0.05). These findings suggest that there may be differences in cortico-cerebellar and prefrontal processing in response to novel visuomotor tasks in those with ADHD. Alterations to somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were present in young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), when compared with neurotypical controls. The N18 and N30 SEP peak had differential changes between groups, suggesting alterations to olivary-cerebellar-M1 processing and SMI in those with ADHD when acquiring a novel visuomotor tracing task. This suggests that short-latency SEPs may be a useful biomarker in the assessment of differential responses to motor acquisition in those with ADHD.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种神经发育障碍，其运动表现和协调性存在明显改变，可能会影响学习过程和运动技能的习得。这项研究将深入探讨在患有ADHD的年轻成年人学习一项新的视觉运动任务时，神经加工改变和感觉运动整合（SMI）所起的作用。本研究使用一项新的视觉运动追踪任务，将12名患有ADHD的成年人与16名神经典型对照组进行比较，参与者用右手拇指追踪一个频率和幅度都变化的正弦波形。这个学习范式在预实验、习得和后测阶段完成，参与者在24小时后还要返回并完成一个记忆和迁移测试。在运动习得前后收集右侧正中神经短潜伏期体感诱发电位（SEP）。两组在习得后和记忆测试中的标准化（p<0.001）和绝对（p<0.001）表现分数的表现准确性和变异性均有所提高。N18 SEP：ADHD组在运动学习后增加，而对照组减少（p<0.05）。N20 SEP：两组在运动学习后均增加（p<0.01）。P25：两组在运动学习后均增加（p<0.001）。N24：两组在习得后测量中均增加（p<0.05）。N30：ADHD组减少，对照组增加（p<0.05）。这些发现表明，在患有ADHD的人群中，对新的视觉运动任务的反应可能在皮质-小脑和前额叶加工方面存在差异。与神经典型对照组相比，患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的年轻成年人存在体感诱发电位（SEP）改变。N18和N30 SEP峰值在两组之间有不同变化，表明在患有ADHD的人群中，在习得一项新的视觉运动追踪任务时，橄榄小脑-M1加工和SMI存在改变。这表明短潜伏期SEP可能是评估患有ADHD的人群对运动习得的不同反应的有用生物标志物。
