Everly Janet, Plummer Jamie, Lohman Matthew, Neils-Strunjas Jean
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2023 Jan 11;32(1):83-95. doi: 10.1044/2022_AJSLP-22-00035. Epub 2022 Nov 30.
This tutorial provides an overview of two behavioral approaches, physical activity and social engagement, to prevent or slow cognitive decline in older adults and to increase awareness in the field of speech-language pathology of the important role that speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play in an interprofessional team working with this population.
A review of exercise science, neuroscience, and social science literature was used to synthesize evidence and to outline the impact of physical activity and social engagement on cognition. The following topics were explored: How do exercise and social engagement support cognition? What are modifiable risk factors of dementia? What is the impact of inactivity and isolation on cognition? What is the potential role of the SLP on an interprofessional team focusing on preventive measures for cognitive decline? What is the impact of physical exercise and social engagement on nursing home residents?
Research increasingly points to the critical importance of physical activity and social engagement to prevent cognitive decline in normal aging and to slow cognitive decline associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Research suggests that physical activity maintains or improves memory, attention, executive function, visuospatial function, speed of processing, and general cognitive function. Social engagement has been found to maintain and improve general cognitive function.
Behavioral interventions are an effective strategy to prevent or slow cognitive decline in the older adult population. SLPs have a role to play on an interprofessional team that works to prevent cognitive decline. By considering factors that play a role in the prevention of cognitive decline, such as physical activity and social engagement, the quality of life and overall health of older adults can be improved. Areas of improvement include memory, attention, executive function, visuospatial function, speed of processing, and general cognitive function.
本教程概述了两种行为方法，即体育活动和社交参与，以预防或减缓老年人的认知衰退，并提高言语语言病理学领域对言语语言病理学家（SLP）在与该人群合作的跨专业团队中所起重要作用的认识。
对运动科学、神经科学和社会科学文献进行综述，以综合证据并概述体育活动和社交参与对认知的影响。探讨了以下主题：运动和社交参与如何支持认知？痴呆症的可改变风险因素有哪些？缺乏运动和社交孤立对认知有何影响？SLP在专注于认知衰退预防措施的跨专业团队中可能发挥什么作用？体育锻炼和社交参与对养老院居民有何影响？
研究越来越多地指出体育活动和社交参与对于预防正常衰老中的认知衰退以及减缓与轻度认知障碍和痴呆症相关的认知衰退至关重要。研究表明，体育活动可维持或改善记忆、注意力、执行功能、视觉空间功能、处理速度和一般认知功能。已发现社交参与可维持和改善一般认知功能。
行为干预是预防或减缓老年人群认知衰退的有效策略。SLP在致力于预防认知衰退的跨专业团队中可发挥作用。通过考虑在预防认知衰退中起作用的因素，如体育活动和社交参与，可以改善老年人的生活质量和整体健康。改善的方面包括记忆、注意力、执行功能、视觉空间功能、处理速度和一般认知功能。
