a Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.
b Prince of Wales Clinical School, Medicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.
Aging Ment Health. 2019 Jul;23(7):863-871. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1474446. Epub 2018 May 25.
The aim of this study was to investigate physical decline over 1-year in a cohort of older people across the cognitive spectrum.
Physical function was assessed using the Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA) in 593 participants (cognitively normal [CN]: n = 342, mild cognitive impairment [MCI]: n = 77, dementia: n = 174) at baseline and in 490 participants available for reassessment 1-year later. Neuropsychological performance and physical activity (PA) were assessed at baseline.
Median baseline PPA scores for CN, MCI and dementia groups were 0.41 (IQR = -0.09-1.02), 0.66 (IQR = -0.06-1.15) and 2.37 (IQR = 0.93-3.78) respectively. All baseline neuropsychological domains and PA were significantly associated with baseline PPA. There were significant interaction terms (Time × Cognitive Group, Global Cognition, Processing Speed, Executive Function and PA) in the models investigating PPA decline. In multivariate analysis the Time × Executive Function and PA interaction terms were significant, indicating that participants with poorer baseline executive function and reduced PA demonstrated greater physical decline when compared to individuals with better executive function and PA respectively.
Having MCI or dementia is associated with greater physical decline compared to CN older people. Physical inactivity and executive dysfunction were associated with physical decline in this sample, which included participants with MCI and dementia. Both factors influencing physical decline are potentially amenable to interventions e.g. exercise.
本研究旨在调查认知谱范围内的老年人群体在 1 年内的身体衰退情况。
在基线时，593 名参与者（认知正常[CN]：n=342，轻度认知障碍[MCI]：n=77，痴呆：n=174）接受了生理概况评估（PPA）的身体功能评估，并在 490 名可进行 1 年后重新评估的参与者中进行了评估。在基线时评估了神经心理学表现和身体活动（PA）。
CN、MCI 和痴呆组的基线 PPA 中位数得分分别为 0.41（IQR=-0.09-1.02）、0.66（IQR=-0.06-1.15）和 2.37（IQR=0.93-3.78）。所有基线神经心理学领域和 PA 均与基线 PPA 显著相关。在调查 PPA 下降的模型中，存在显著的交互项（时间×认知组、总体认知、处理速度、执行功能和 PA）。在多变量分析中，时间×执行功能和 PA 的交互项具有统计学意义，这表明与执行功能和 PA 更好的个体相比，基线执行功能较差且 PA 减少的参与者表现出更大的身体衰退。
与认知正常的老年人相比，患有 MCI 或痴呆症与更大的身体衰退相关。在本样本中，身体活动减少和执行功能障碍与身体衰退相关，其中包括患有 MCI 和痴呆症的参与者。这两个影响身体衰退的因素都可能通过干预措施（例如运动）来改善。
