Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X396, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa.
Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 30;12(1):20688. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25064-x.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is one of the most important global causes of viral hepatitis. Recent reviews suggested that HAV endemicity in South Africa could shift from high to intermediate. A hospital-based HAV seroprevalence study was conducted between February 2018 and December 2019 in Pretoria, South Africa. Systematic sampling was performed on children and adolescents (1-15 years) who attended outpatient services. Participants with a known HIV status and valid HAV serology results were included. Of the 1220 participants, the median age was 7 years (IQR: 4-11), with 648 (53.11%) males and 572 (46.89%) females. Of 628 (51.48%) HIV-infected participants, most (329, 71.83%) were both immunologically and virologically controlled or had low-level viremia (74, 16.16%). Almost three-quarters (894, 73.28%) were living in formal dwellings, and just over half (688, 56.39%) had access to clean water sources inside the house. Increasing age was associated with testing HAV IgG-positive (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.20-1.30, p < 0.001), with 19.8% of participants one year of age compared with 86.7% of participants 15 years of age. This study suggests that South Africa has an intermediate HAV seroprevalence, with rates < 90% by 10 years of age (68.6%). Increased age and informal dwellings are statistically associated with HAV seropositivity, while HIV status does not significantly influence HAV seropositivity.
甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）感染是全球最重要的病毒性肝炎病因之一。最近的综述表明，南非的 HAV 地方性流行可能会从高流行转变为中流行。本研究于 2018 年 2 月至 2019 年 12 月在南非比勒陀利亚开展了一项基于医院的 HAV 血清流行率研究。对接受门诊服务的儿童和青少年（1-15 岁）进行系统抽样。纳入有明确 HIV 状态和有效的 HAV 血清学结果的参与者。在 1220 名参与者中，中位年龄为 7 岁（IQR：4-11），其中 648 名（53.11%）为男性，572 名（46.89%）为女性。在 628 名（51.48%）HIV 感染者中，大多数（329 名，71.83%）免疫和病毒学均得到控制或病毒载量处于低水平（74 名，16.16%）。近四分之三（894 名，73.28%）居住在正规住所，只有一半以上（688 名，56.39%）家中可以获得清洁水源。年龄增长与 HAV IgG 阳性检测相关（OR 1.25；95%CI 1.20-1.30，p < 0.001），1 岁组参与者 HAV IgG 阳性率为 19.8%，而 15 岁组参与者 HAV IgG 阳性率为 86.7%。本研究表明，南非的 HAV 血清流行率处于中间水平，10 岁以下人群的流行率<90%（68.6%）。年龄增长和居住在非正式住所与 HAV 血清阳性相关，而 HIV 状态并不显著影响 HAV 血清阳性率。
