Dames Hannah, Kiesel Andrea, Pfeuffer Christina U
University of Zurich, Department of Psychology, Zurich, Switzerland.
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Department of Psychology, Freiburg, Germany.
J Cogn. 2022 May 26;5(1):32. doi: 10.5334/joc.223. eCollection 2022.
Human behavior is guided by prior experience such as bindings between stimuli and responses. Experimentally, this is evident in performance changes when features of the stimulus-response episode reoccur either in the short-term or in the long-term. So far, effects of short-term and long-term bindings are assumed to be independent from one another. In a large-scale re-analysis of eight item-specific stimulus-response priming experiments that orthogonally varied task-specific classifications and actions in the (trial N-1 to trial N) and, item-specifically, in the (lag of several trials), we tested this independence assumption. In detail, we tested whether short-term experiences (repetitions of classification and action features in two consecutive trials) affected the retrieval of item-specific long-term stimulus-classification (S-C) and stimulus-action (S-A) bindings as well as potential long-term C-A bindings. The retrieval of item-specific long-term S-C bindings (i.e., the size of item-specific S-C priming effects) was affected by the persisting activation of classifications from trial N-1 (short-term priming). There were no further interactions between short-term experiences and long-term bindings. These results suggest a feature-specific, selective influence of short-term priming on long-term binding retrieval (e.g., based on shared feature representations). In contrast, however, we found evidence against an influence of short-term C-A bindings on long-term binding retrieval. This finding suggests that the processes contributing to short-term priming and long-term binding retrieval are dissociable from short-term binding and retrieval processes. Our results thus inform current theories on how short-term and long-term bindings are bound and retrieved (e.g., the BRAC framework).
人类行为受先前经验的引导，例如刺激与反应之间的联结。在实验中，当刺激-反应事件的特征在短期或长期再次出现时，表现变化就体现了这一点。到目前为止，短期和长期联结的影响被认为是相互独立的。在对八项特定项目的刺激-反应启动实验进行的大规模重新分析中，这些实验在（试验N-1到试验N）中正交地改变了任务特定分类和动作，并在（几个试验的滞后）中特定于项目地进行了改变，我们测试了这种独立性假设。具体而言，我们测试了短期经验（连续两次试验中分类和动作特征的重复）是否会影响特定项目的长期刺激-分类（S-C）和刺激-动作（S-A）联结的检索以及潜在的长期C-A联结。特定项目的长期S-C联结的检索（即特定项目的S-C启动效应的大小）受到试验N-1中分类持续激活（短期启动）的影响。短期经验与长期联结之间没有进一步的相互作用。这些结果表明短期启动对长期联结检索具有特征特异性、选择性影响（例如基于共享特征表征）。然而，相比之下，我们发现没有证据表明短期C-A联结会影响长期联结检索。这一发现表明，促成短期启动和长期联结检索的过程与短期联结和检索过程是可分离的。因此，我们的结果为当前关于短期和长期联结如何被绑定和检索的理论（例如BRAC框架）提供了信息。
