Uraguchi Maki, Maulina Venie Viktoria Rondang, Ohira Hideki
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Department of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Front Neurosci. 2022 Nov 14;16:993491. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.993491. eCollection 2022.
It has been proposed that accuracy in time perception is related to interoceptive accuracy and vagal activity. However, studies investigating time perception in the supra-second range have provided mixed results, and few studies have investigated the sub-second range. Moreover, there is a lack of studies investigating the relationship between precision in time perception and interoceptive accuracy. A recent meta-analytic review of neuroimaging studies proposed a dynamic interaction between two types of timing processing-an endogenous time keeping mechanism and the use of exogenous temporal cues. Interoceptive accuracy may affect both accuracy and precision of primary temporal representations, as they are generated based on the endogenous time keeping mechanism. Temporal accuracy may vary when adapted to the environmental context. In contrast, temporal precision contains some constant noise, which may maintain the relationship with interoceptive accuracy. Based on these assumptions, we hypothesized that interoceptive accuracy would be associated with temporal precision in the sub-second range, while vagal activity would be associated with temporal accuracy. We used the temporal generalization task, which allowed us to calculate the indices of temporal accuracy and temporal precision in line with the existing research, and also compute the index of participants' sensitivity according to the signal detection theory. Specifically, we investigated whether (1) interoceptive accuracy would correlate with temporal accuracy, temporal precision, or sensitivity and (2) resting-state vagal activity would correlate with temporal accuracy, temporal precision, or sensitivity. The results indicated that interoceptive accuracy was positively correlated with temporal precision as well as sensitivity, but not with temporal accuracy, in the sub-second range time perception. Vagal activity was negatively correlated only with sensitivity. Furthermore, we found a moderation effect of sensitivity on the relationship between vagal activity and perceived duration, which affected the association between vagal activity and temporal accuracy. These findings suggest the importance of precision as an aspect of time perception, which future studies should further explore in relation to interoception and vagal activity, and of the moderation effects of factors such as participants' sensitivity in this context.
有人提出，时间感知的准确性与内感受准确性和迷走神经活动有关。然而，研究超秒范围内时间感知的研究结果不一，很少有研究调查亚秒范围内的情况。此外，缺乏研究调查时间感知精度与内感受准确性之间的关系。最近一项对神经影像学研究的荟萃分析综述提出了两种时间处理类型之间的动态相互作用——一种内源性计时机制和对外源性时间线索的利用。内感受准确性可能会影响主要时间表征的准确性和精度，因为它们是基于内源性计时机制产生的。当适应环境背景时，时间准确性可能会有所不同。相比之下，时间精度包含一些恒定的噪声，这可能会维持与内感受准确性的关系。基于这些假设，我们假设内感受准确性将与亚秒范围内的时间精度相关，而迷走神经活动将与时间准确性相关。我们使用了时间泛化任务，这使我们能够根据现有研究计算时间准确性和时间精度的指标，并根据信号检测理论计算参与者的敏感性指标。具体来说，我们调查了：(1)内感受准确性是否会与时间准确性、时间精度或敏感性相关；(2)静息状态下的迷走神经活动是否会与时间准确性、时间精度或敏感性相关。结果表明，在亚秒范围内的时间感知中，内感受准确性与时间精度以及敏感性呈正相关，但与时间准确性无关。迷走神经活动仅与敏感性呈负相关。此外，我们发现敏感性对迷走神经活动与感知持续时间之间的关系有调节作用，这影响了迷走神经活动与时间准确性之间的关联。这些发现表明了精度作为时间感知一个方面的重要性，未来的研究应进一步探讨其与内感受和迷走神经活动的关系，以及参与者敏感性等因素在这种情况下的调节作用。
